Chan H S, Sonley M J, Moës C A, Daneman A, Smith C R, Martin D J
Cancer. 1985 Aug 15;56(4):825-36. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19850815)56:4<825::aid-cncr2820560421>3.0.co;2-7.
Between 1919 and 1981, 16 children with primary cardiac tumors (8 rhabdomyomas, 5 fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma) and 59 children with secondary tumors of the cardiovascular system were seen at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Distant metastases in 45 children of the latter group, in descending order of frequency, were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoma, and involved the myocardium and pericardium. In the remaining 14 children, tumor thrombi from Wilms' tumor (9 cases), adrenal (2 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cases), and endodermal sinus tumor (1 case) extended directly into the great veins and/or cardiac chambers. Children with primary and secondary tumors often present with nonspecific clinical, plain radiographic, electrocardiographic, and M-mode echocardiographic findings. Early recognition, utilizing special diagnostic procedures such as two-dimensional echocardiography, computerized axial tomography, angiocardiography, and inferior venocavography, followed by elective surgical resection of tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass and/or radiation and chemotherapy, offers patients with cardiovascular tumors the best chance of cure.
1919年至1981年间，多伦多病童医院收治了16例原发性心脏肿瘤患儿（8例横纹肌瘤、5例纤维瘤、2例黏液瘤和1例横纹肌肉瘤）以及59例心血管系统继发性肿瘤患儿。后一组中有45例患儿发生远处转移，按频率递减顺序依次为非霍奇金淋巴瘤、神经母细胞瘤、软组织和骨肉瘤、肾母细胞瘤以及肝癌，转移累及心肌和心包。其余14例患儿中，肾母细胞瘤（9例）、肾上腺（2例）和肝细胞癌（2例）以及内胚窦瘤（1例）的肿瘤血栓直接延伸至大静脉和/或心腔。原发性和继发性肿瘤患儿常表现出非特异性的临床、普通X线、心电图和M型超声心动图表现。早期识别，采用二维超声心动图、计算机断层扫描、心血管造影和下腔静脉造影等特殊诊断方法，随后在体外循环下择期手术切除肿瘤和/或进行放疗及化疗，为患有心血管肿瘤的患者提供了最佳的治愈机会。
