Setiabudiawan Todia P, Hill Philip C, DiNardo Andrew R, van Crevel Reinout
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Community for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
J Clin Invest. 2025 Apr 1;135(7):e191423. doi: 10.1172/JCI191423.
Immune correlates of protection against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Dallmann-Sauer and authors demonstrate that lack of tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon γ release assay (IGRA) conversion among people with HIV despite years-long Mtb exposure is associated with alveolar lymphocytosis, including specific poly-cytotoxic T cells, and M1-type alveolar macrophages with a stronger ex vivo response to the pathogen. Studies in these rare individuals, termed "TB resisters" and in tuberculosis household contacts who are repeatedly IGRA negative in the months after a specific exposure event (known as "early clearers") help elucidate manipulatable mechanisms to boost protection against Mtb infection.
针对结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）感染的保护性免疫相关因素仍不明确。在本期《临床研究杂志》中，达尔曼 - 绍尔及其作者证明，尽管长期接触Mtb，但HIV感染者缺乏结核菌素皮肤试验（TST）和干扰素γ释放试验（IGRA）转换与肺泡淋巴细胞增多有关，包括特定的多细胞毒性T细胞，以及对病原体具有更强体外反应的M1型肺泡巨噬细胞。对这些被称为“结核菌抵抗者”的罕见个体以及在特定暴露事件后数月内多次IGRA阴性的结核病家庭接触者（称为“早期清除者”）的研究，有助于阐明可操控的机制，以增强针对Mtb感染的保护作用。
