Yilmaz Fatma
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 1;25(1):467. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05844-3.
The varied presentation of approximal caries in clinical practice complicates their prediction. This retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study aimed to evaluate the effects of adjacent surface status, age, sex, tooth type and dental arch on approximal caries as predictors. It was also aimed to evaluate the development patterns of approximal caries on adjacent surfaces facing each other.
The radiographic database of Faculty of Dentistry at Mugla Sitki Kocman University from 2019 to 2023 was used for this study. Of a total of 456 patients (aged 18-65, 196 men, 260 women), 752 carious and 337 non-carious approximal areas obtained from standart bitewing and periapical radiographs were included. To evaluate the predictors of approximal caries adjacent surface status (as carious, restored, missing or intact), age, sex, type (as anterior, canine, premolar or molar) and dental arch (as upper/lower-rigt/left jaw) of the approximal carious teeth were recorded. To assess the development patterns of approximal caries, carious surface and its adjacent surface were evaluated in pairwise and categorized as follows: "carious-carious, carious-restored, carious-missing, carious-intact". On the other hand non-carious approximal areas were categorized as "intact-restored, intact-missing, intact-intact". Lesion depth (E1, D2, D1, D2 or D3) was also recorded and associated with restoration type (amalgam, composite or crown) and adjacent surface status. The Pearson chi-square and Kappa statistic tests were used to examine the relationships between categorical variables (p < 0.05).
The approximal caries incidance were higher in the group aged 18-39 years, men, upper right dental arch, and anterior-canine, and posterior approximal surfaces than others (p < 0.001). The caries-intact category was remarkably in high incidance. The depth of caries lesions was significantly influenced by the adjacent surface status, but not by type of restoration. It was found that D3 caries were the least frequently observed in carious-intact category while E1 and E2 caries were found more frequent in carious-carious category (p < 0.001).
Overall, these findings highlight the importance of considering a combination of demographic and dental factors in predicting, understanding and preventing approximal caries formation.
临床实践中邻面龋的表现多样，这使得对其进行预测变得复杂。这项回顾性横断面影像学研究旨在评估邻面状况、年龄、性别、牙型和牙弓对邻面龋作为预测因素的影响。同时，该研究还旨在评估相邻相对面的邻面龋的发展模式。
本研究使用了穆拉·锡特基·科克曼大学牙科学院2019年至2023年的影像学数据库。在总共456名患者（年龄18 - 65岁，男性196名，女性260名）中，纳入了从标准咬合翼片和根尖片获得的752个龋损邻面区域和337个无龋损邻面区域。为了评估邻面龋的预测因素，记录了邻面龋损牙齿的邻面状况（龋损、修复、缺失或完整）、年龄、性别、类型（前牙、尖牙、前磨牙或磨牙）和牙弓（上颌/下颌 - 右/左颌）。为了评估邻面龋的发展模式，对龋损面及其相邻面进行成对评估，并分类如下：“龋 - 龋、龋 - 修复、龋 - 缺失、龋 - 完整”。另一方面，无龋损邻面区域分类为“完整 - 修复、完整 - 缺失、完整 - 完整”。还记录了病变深度（E1、D2、D1、D2或D3），并将其与修复类型（银汞合金、复合树脂或冠）和邻面状况相关联。使用Pearson卡方检验和Kappa统计检验来检验分类变量之间的关系（p < 0.05）。
18 - 39岁组、男性、右上牙弓、前牙 - 尖牙以及后牙邻面的邻面龋发病率高于其他组（p < 0.001）。“龋 - 完整”类别发病率显著较高。龋损病变深度受邻面状况显著影响，但不受修复类型影响。发现D3龋在“龋 - 完整”类别中观察到的频率最低，而E1和E2龋在“龋 - 龋”类别中更常见（p < 0.001）。
总体而言，这些发现强调了在预测、理解和预防邻面龋形成时考虑人口统计学和牙科因素组合的重要性。
