Khalilzad Mohammad Amin, Mohammadi Javad, Amirsaadat Soumayeh, Najafi Sajad, Zare Sona, Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali, Khalilzad Mitra, Amirkhani Mohammad Amir, Peyrovan Aysan, Khalili Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadati, Farahani Atefeh, Zare Solmaz
Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 143951561, Iran.
Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Apr 1;23(1):260. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03278-1.
The process of apoptosis plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, immune system regulation, and organ formation. Apoptotic vesicles (ApoEVs) are involved in efferocytosis, the process by which phagocytes ingest dead cells. ApoEVs also have potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, ischemic diseases, and their anti-inflammatory properties make them incredibly versatile for medical applications. These vesicles can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, provide tumor antigens for cancer vaccines, and even serve as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, they can target hypoxic cells, inhibit inflammatory cell death pathways, and promote tissue regeneration. Also, their potential in addressing inflammatory disorders such as gastrointestinal ailments, osteoarthritis, and diabetes is promising. Additionally, ApoEVs can polarize anti-inflammatory immune cells and suppress inflammatory immune responses which make them a viable option for addressing the unmet need for novel anti-inflammatory medications. Despite a wealth of reviews examining the applications of ApoEVs, very few have thoroughly investigated the mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory effects. This distinctive approach positions the current review as timely and immensely relevant, illuminating the intriguing ways these entities function beyond their established advantages.
细胞凋亡过程在组织稳态、免疫系统调节和器官形成中起着至关重要的作用。凋亡小泡（ApoEVs）参与了噬菌作用，即吞噬细胞摄取死亡细胞的过程。ApoEVs在癌症治疗、缺血性疾病中也具有潜在的治疗应用，并且它们的抗炎特性使其在医学应用中具有难以置信的多功能性。这些小泡可以诱导癌细胞凋亡，为癌症疫苗提供肿瘤抗原，甚至可以作为有效的药物递送系统。此外，它们可以靶向缺氧细胞，抑制炎症性细胞死亡途径，并促进组织再生。而且，它们在解决诸如胃肠道疾病、骨关节炎和糖尿病等炎症性疾病方面的潜力很有前景。此外，ApoEVs可以使抗炎免疫细胞极化并抑制炎症性免疫反应，这使其成为满足新型抗炎药物未满足需求的可行选择。尽管有大量综述探讨了ApoEVs的应用，但很少有研究深入调查其抗炎作用的潜在机制。这种独特的方法使当前的综述显得及时且极具相关性，阐明了这些实体在其既定优势之外的有趣作用方式。
