School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Transl Med. 2024 Sep 1;22(1):810. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05451-w.
Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are extracellular vesicles released during apoptosis and possess diverse biological activities. Initially, ABs were regarded as garbage bags with the main function of apoptotic cell clearance. Recent research has found that ABs carry and deliver various biological agents and are taken by surrounding and distant cells, affecting cell functions and behavior. ABs-mediated intercellular communications are involved in various physiological processes including anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration as well as the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. ABs in biological fluids can be used as a window of altered cellular and tissue states which can be applied in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. The structural and constituent versatility of ABs provides flexibility for tailoring ABs according to disease diagnostic and therapeutic needs. An in-depth understanding of ABs' constituents and biological functions is mandatory for the effective tailoring of ABs including modification of bio membrane and cargo constituents. ABs' tailoring approaches including physical, chemical, biological, and genetic have been proposed for bench-to-bed translation in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review summarizes the updates on ABs tailoring approaches, discusses the existing challenges, and speculates the prospects for effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
细胞凋亡小体（ABs）是细胞凋亡过程中释放的细胞外囊泡，具有多种生物学活性。最初，ABs 被认为是具有主要清除凋亡细胞功能的“垃圾袋”。最近的研究发现，ABs 携带并传递各种生物制剂，并被周围和远处的细胞摄取，影响细胞功能和行为。ABs 介导的细胞间通讯参与多种生理过程，包括抗炎和组织再生，以及多种疾病的发病机制，如癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和炎症性疾病。生物体液中的 ABs 可以作为细胞和组织状态改变的窗口，可应用于各种疾病的诊断和预后。ABs 的结构和组成的多样性为根据疾病诊断和治疗需求定制 ABs 提供了灵活性。深入了解 ABs 的组成和生物学功能对于有效定制 ABs 包括生物膜和货物成分的修饰是必要的。已经提出了用于疾病诊断、预后和治疗的 ABs 定制方法，包括物理、化学、生物和遗传方法。本综述总结了 ABs 定制方法的最新进展，讨论了现有的挑战，并推测了其在有效诊断和治疗应用方面的前景。
