Hudayah Nasrul, Boonapatcharoen Nimaradee, Suksong Wantanasak, Kongduan Varunee, Phalaphol Duanganong, Ainthaklay Janphen, Aekkawatchai Naruemon, Tanticharoen Morakot, Suraraksa Benjaphon
Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (EcoWaste) Laboratory, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
Environ Technol. 2025 Aug;46(20):4022-4034. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2483938. Epub 2025 Apr 2.
Due to the high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile acids (TVA) in the range of 18,000-20,000 mg/L and 4,900-5,600 mg/L, respectively, the treatment of citric acid production wastewater is a challenge. An anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) was used to treat this wastewater. The AHR operated at the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.6 kg COD/m/d and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.5 days without any inhibition. The COD removal efficiency, methane yield, and methane content were 90%, 0.25 Nm CH/kg COD removed, and 65%, respectively. Moreover, the activities of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were approximately 108% and 63% higher than those of the initial inoculum, respectively. After increasing OLR to 8.3 kg COD/m/d, TVA was accumulated at 5,200 mg/L, leading to failure. The main organic acids were acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) with concentrations of 2,800 and 1,300 mg/L, respectively. Syntrophic methanogenic consortia (SMC) were augmented into the AHR to recover the system. After 4 days of bioaugmentation, the TVA concentration decreased to less than 500 mg/L. Bioaugmentation also increased the ratio of the methanogens and acetogens to total microorganisms at the end of the recovery period to 32% and 23%, respectively. The AHR can be recovered to operate at OLR of 7.6 kg COD/m/d within 18 days with good performance and microbial balance.
由于柠檬酸生产废水中化学需氧量（COD）和总挥发性酸（TVA）的浓度分别高达18,000 - 20,000 mg/L和4,900 - 5,600 mg/L，因此处理该废水具有挑战性。采用厌氧混合反应器（AHR）处理此废水。AHR在最大有机负荷率（OLR）为7.6 kg COD/m³/d和水力停留时间（HRT）为2.5天的条件下运行，未出现任何抑制现象。COD去除效率、甲烷产量和甲烷含量分别为90%、0.25 Nm³ CH₄/kg COD去除量和65%。此外，乙酸型产甲烷菌和氢营养型产甲烷菌的活性分别比初始接种物高约108%和63%。将OLR提高到8.3 kg COD/m³/d后，TVA累积至5,200 mg/L，导致系统失效。主要有机酸为乙酸（AA）和丙酸（PA），浓度分别为2,800 mg/L和1,300 mg/L。向AHR中添加互营产甲烷菌联合体（SMC）以恢复系统。生物强化4天后，TVA浓度降至500 mg/L以下。生物强化还使恢复期结束时产甲烷菌和产乙酸菌占总微生物的比例分别提高到32%和23%。AHR可在18天内恢复至以7.6 kg COD/m³/d的OLR运行，性能良好且微生物平衡。
