Miller H C
Clin Perinatol. 1985 Jun;12(2):307-18.
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), like postnatal growth retardation, involves skeletal and soft tissues. It is important to distinguish between depletion of soft tissues and stunting of linear skeletal growth, not only in older infants and children, but also in newborn infants. There are three main types of IUGR. To diagnose all three types involves much more than simply obtaining an individual's weight in relation to his or her age, as is now the widely accepted practice in newborn infants. Standards of intrauterine growth should not include growth-retarded newborn infants, insofar as it is possible to exclude them. Tables and graphs of intrauterine growth based on representative populations of newborn infants are apt to be a mixture of unknown numbers of normally grown and growth-retarded fetuses. The suggestion is put forward that standards of intrauterine growth should be based on newborn infants who have not been subjected to known growth-retarding influences prenatally. The diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation prenatally by ultrasonic techniques has not reached the degree of reliability and validity that is needed for the routine detection of all fetuses with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Prenatal measurements made by ultrasound still require confirmation postnatally by appropriate measurements of infants at birth. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and postnatal courses of newborn infants with severe types of IUGR are discussed.
宫内生长迟缓（IUGR）与出生后生长迟缓一样，涉及骨骼和软组织。区分软组织消耗和线性骨骼生长发育迟缓很重要，这不仅适用于较大的婴儿和儿童，也适用于新生儿。IUGR主要有三种类型。诊断这三种类型所涉及的内容远不止简单地根据年龄获取个体体重，而这正是目前新生儿中广泛采用的做法。只要有可能排除生长迟缓的新生儿，宫内生长标准就不应包括他们。基于具有代表性的新生儿群体的宫内生长图表很可能是数量不明的正常生长胎儿和生长迟缓胎儿的混合体。有人提出，宫内生长标准应基于出生前未受到已知生长迟缓影响的新生儿。通过超声技术在产前诊断宫内生长迟缓尚未达到常规检测所有严重宫内生长迟缓胎儿所需的可靠性和有效性程度。超声产前测量仍需在出生后通过对婴儿进行适当测量来确认。本文讨论了严重类型IUGR新生儿的流行病学、诊断和出生后病程。
