Zhang Xiao-Xiao, Yang Xing-Hua, Yang Fan, Lei Jia-Qiang, Ali Mamtimin, Li Sheng-Yu, Liu Lian-You, Xue Yi-Bo, Wang Zi-Fa, Tian Wen-Jun, Wang Yong-Dong, Tang Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):11209. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95974-z.
Tarim Basin in western China is home to the world's second-largest mobile dune desert, Taklimakan Desert, and it's one of Asia's primary sources of sand and dust storm. Observations of windblown dust are insufficient over this hyper-dry inland region. Here we present a comprehensive study based on consecutive in-situ field observations, meteorological records, environmental monitoring data and satellite measurements over the Tarim Basin for a full year in 2015. The results show that during the severe sand and dust storm events, the observed ambient PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) concentration rises rapidly, with a maximum value exceeding 10,000 µg/m per hour, while wind speeds reach 10-30 m/s and visibility is reduced to less than 10 m. Soil particulates can be blown vertically into the atmosphere at a height of 3-12 km. High volumes of dust deposition were measured at environmental monitoring stations, ranging from 1764 to 3800 g/m yr. Those significant flux levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations and dust depositions are strongly associated with frequent dust occurrence in the arid environment of the Tarim Basin. Satellite measurements of aerosol optical depths (AOD) show a broad spatial pattern of dust aerosols distribution over the basin, with dense dust remaining suspended for long periods of time (3-5 months in spring and summer seasons). The wind regimes, basin-like topography, thermodynamic condition, and loose sandy surfaces greatly affect the regional aeolian dust environment in the Tarim Basin, which lead to a significantly high dust emission, ambient PM concentration and dust deposition.
中国西部的塔里木盆地是世界第二大流动沙丘沙漠——塔克拉玛干沙漠的所在地，也是亚洲沙尘暴的主要源头之一。在这片极度干旱的内陆地区，对风沙尘土的观测数据不足。在此，我们基于2015年对塔里木盆地全年连续的实地观测、气象记录、环境监测数据以及卫星测量结果，进行了一项综合研究。结果表明，在严重沙尘暴事件期间，观测到的环境空气中可吸入颗粒物（空气动力学直径≤10μm的颗粒物）浓度迅速上升，每小时最大值超过10000μg/m³，同时风速达到10 - 30m/s，能见度降至10m以下。土壤颗粒物可被垂直吹送到3 - 12km高度的大气中。环境监测站测得的沙尘沉降量很大，范围在每年每平方米1764至3800g之间。环境空气中颗粒物（PM）浓度和沙尘沉降的这些显著通量水平与塔里木盆地干旱环境中频繁出现的沙尘密切相关。卫星测量的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）显示，盆地内沙尘气溶胶分布呈现出广泛的空间格局，沙尘在春夏季长时间（3 - 5个月）悬浮。风况、盆地状地形、热力条件以及松散的沙地表面极大地影响了塔里木盆地的区域风沙尘土环境，导致沙尘排放量、环境空气中PM浓度以及沙尘沉降量显著偏高。
