El-Eryan Rasha Th, Elshahed Mona S, Mohamed Dalia, Ashour Azza A, Elbalkiny Heba T
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, 11787, Egypt.
BMC Chem. 2025 Apr 2;19(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01427-z.
Global warming and the developed worldwide awareness have persuaded efforts to minimize the generated hazardous wastes. As a result, "green" chemical procedures are being gradually included in science for sustainable development. This concept has been extended and inspired chemists to fabricate novel green carbon dots (CDs) from natural plants. Herein, we represent novel CDs synthesized by recycling seeds obtained from bell pepper as fluorescent probe for the determination of Edoxaban tosylate hydrate (EDO) a non-fluorescent drug; we exploit the advantage of the inner filter effect between the absorption peak of the drug and the emission peak of the CDs. This overlap resulted in quenching the fluorescence of CDs by increasing the concentration of EDO within the range 0.80-20.00 µg/mL with a limit of detection 0.23 and 0.22 µg/mL and a limit of quantitation 0.69 and 0.72 µg/mL for Microwave CDs and Plate CDs, respectively, at λ/λ 310/409 nm. Two facile preparation techniques for the CDs were used, the microwave-assisted method and the thermal decomposition method, using a single-step approach. The fabricated CDs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis, fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray Diffaction, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential. The performance of the synthesized fluorescent probe for the determination of EDO was evaluated according to ICH guidelines. The accomplished results, together with the simplicity, sensitivity, and low cost of the developed probe, recommended its appropriateness for the routine quality control assay of EDO pharmaceutical formulation, as good % recovery was obtained upon the investigation of the marketed tablets with 99.77% and 98.79% recoveries for microwave CDs and plate CDs, respectively. The method's greenness was evaluated using three integral matrices, the Blue Applicability Grade Index, the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Eco-Scale.
全球变暖以及全球范围内日益增强的环保意识促使人们努力将产生的危险废物减至最少。因此，“绿色”化学程序正逐渐被纳入科学领域以实现可持续发展。这一理念得到了拓展，并启发化学家利用天然植物制备新型绿色碳点（CDs）。在此，我们展示了通过回收甜椒种子合成的新型碳点作为荧光探针用于测定甲苯磺酸依度沙班水合物（EDO），一种非荧光药物；我们利用了药物吸收峰与碳点发射峰之间的内滤效应优势。这种重叠导致随着EDO浓度在0.80 - 20.00 µg/mL范围内增加，碳点荧光猝灭，微波法制备的碳点和板载法制备的碳点在λ/λ 310/409 nm处的检测限分别为0.23和0.22 µg/mL，定量限分别为0.69和0.72 µg/mL。使用了两种简便的碳点制备技术，即微波辅助法和热分解法，采用单步方法。通过多种技术对制备的碳点进行了表征，包括紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱、能量色散X射线光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和zeta电位。根据国际人用药品注册技术协调会（ICH）指南评估了合成荧光探针测定EDO的性能。所取得的结果，连同所开发探针的简便性、灵敏度和低成本，表明其适用于EDO药物制剂的常规质量控制分析，因为在对市售片剂进行检测时获得了良好的回收率，微波法制备的碳点和板载法制备的碳点回收率分别为99.77%和98.79%。使用三个积分矩阵，即蓝色适用性等级指数、互补绿色分析程序指数和分析生态量表对该方法的绿色度进行了评估。
