Cheng Ruiqi, Wang Ning, He Weili, Zhou Zeng, Chen Zhen, Li Xiaotian
Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, China.
School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Front Physiol. 2025 Mar 19;16:1561695. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1561695. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to explore the effects of sleep restriction of ≤5 h within 24 h on anaerobic and aerobic performance in male college soccer players and evaluated the effects of acute supplementation of 3 mg⋅kg caffeine on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of college male soccer players under sleep restriction.
10 college male soccer players were recruited, and a randomized crossover experimental design was adopted. The subjects received three intervention treatments in a randomized crossover order: Normal sleep night (NSN), sleep restriction night supplemented with placebo (SRP), and sleep restriction night supplemented with 3 mg⋅kg caffeine (SRC), and participated in the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) and 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15).
The main effect of the RAST and the 30-15 scores was significant (P<0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that the peak power, mean power, peak power/body mess, mean power/body mess, peak velocity mean velocity, fatigue index of the RAST, and the velocity of the intermittent fitness test (V), maximal oxygen uptake (VO), and time to exhaustion (TTE) of the 30-15 in the SRP group were significantly lower than those of the NSN group (P < 0.05), and the total time of the RAST was significantly higher than that of the NSN group (P < 0.05); there were significant differences between the V, VO and TTE indicators tested at 30-15 between the SRC group and the SRP group (P < 0.05). Still, other indicators had no significant differences (P > 0.05).
Sleep restriction harms the anaerobic repeated sprint and aerobic performance of college soccer players; acute supplementation of 3 mg⋅kg of caffeine can effectively reduce the negative impact of insufficient sleep the night before on the aerobic endurance performance of college soccer players. Athletes or coaches should consider caffeine supplementation as a strategy to alleviate the negative impacts of sleep deprivation, but individual tolerance and potential side effects should be taken into account.
本研究旨在探讨24小时内睡眠限制≤5小时对男性大学足球运动员无氧和有氧运动表现的影响，并评估急性补充3毫克/千克咖啡因对睡眠受限的大学男性足球运动员有氧和无氧运动表现的影响。
招募10名大学男性足球运动员，采用随机交叉实验设计。受试者按照随机交叉顺序接受三种干预处理：正常睡眠夜（NSN）、补充安慰剂的睡眠限制夜（SRP）和补充3毫克/千克咖啡因的睡眠限制夜（SRC），并参加基于跑步的无氧冲刺测试（RAST）和30-15间歇体能测试（30-15）。
RAST和30-15得分的主要效应显著（P<0.05）。事后分析表明，SRP组的RAST峰值功率、平均功率、峰值功率/体重、平均功率/体重、峰值速度、平均速度、疲劳指数，以及30-15的间歇体能测试速度（V）、最大摄氧量（VO）和力竭时间（TTE）均显著低于NSN组（P<0.05），RAST总时间显著高于NSN组（P<0.05）；SRC组和SRP组在30-15测试的V、VO和TTE指标之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。然而，其他指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。
睡眠限制会损害大学足球运动员的无氧重复冲刺和有氧运动表现；急性补充3毫克/千克咖啡因可有效减轻前一晚睡眠不足对大学足球运动员有氧耐力表现的负面影响。运动员或教练应考虑补充咖啡因作为减轻睡眠剥夺负面影响的策略，但应考虑个体耐受性和潜在副作用。
