Huang Yezi, Liao Lihong, Jiang Yanjun, Tao Si, Tang Duozhuang
Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Nanchang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Mar 19;16:1507336. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1507336. eCollection 2025.
Acute leukemia is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality, and chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality. However, chemotherapy often induces neutropenia (chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, CIN), increasing the risk of infectious complications and mortality. Current research suggests that gut microbiota may play a significant role in chemotherapy's efficacy and side effects.
This study aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota can predict the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in leukemia patients.
We included 56 leukemia patients from the Hematology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, collecting fecal samples 1 day before and 1 day after chemotherapy. The diversity and community structure of gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients were divided into two groups based on the duration of neutropenia post-chemotherapy: Neutropenia ≤7 Days Group (NLE7 Group) and Neutropenia > 7 Days Group (NGT7 Group). Comparative analysis identified characteristic microbiota.
After chemotherapy, gut microbiota diversity significantly decreased ( < 0.05). In the NGT7 Group, the relative abundance of before chemotherapy was significantly higher than in the NLE7 Group ( < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the relative abundance of had high predictive accuracy for the duration of neutropenia (AUC = 0.800, 95% CI: 0.651-0.949).
The abundance of before chemotherapy can predict the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. These findings provide new evidence for gut microbiota as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapy side effects and may guide personalized treatment for leukemia patients.
急性白血病是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，发病率和死亡率高，化疗是主要的治疗方式。然而，化疗常诱发中性粒细胞减少（化疗诱导的中性粒细胞减少，CIN），增加感染并发症和死亡风险。目前的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在化疗疗效和副作用中起重要作用。
本研究旨在探讨肠道微生物群是否能预测白血病患者化疗诱导的中性粒细胞减少的持续时间。
我们纳入了南昌大学第二附属医院血液科的56例白血病患者，在化疗前1天和化疗后1天采集粪便样本。使用16S rRNA基因测序分析肠道微生物群的多样性和群落结构。根据化疗后中性粒细胞减少的持续时间将患者分为两组：中性粒细胞减少≤7天组（NLE7组）和中性粒细胞减少>7天组（NGT7组）。通过比较分析确定特征微生物群。
化疗后，肠道微生物群多样性显著降低（<0.05）。在NGT7组中，化疗前的相对丰度显著高于NLE7组（<0.05）。ROC曲线分析表明，的相对丰度对中性粒细胞减少的持续时间具有较高的预测准确性（AUC = 0.800，95%CI：0.651 - 0.949）。
化疗前的丰度可预测化疗诱导的中性粒细胞减少的持续时间。这些发现为肠道微生物群作为化疗副作用的预测生物标志物提供了新证据，并可能指导白血病患者的个体化治疗。
