Liu Jing, Li Fuxing, Yang Le, Luo Shengping, Deng Yihui
School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Ningxiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Mar 19;16:1554189. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1554189. eCollection 2025.
The gut microbiota is closely associated with the onset and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low-grade inflammation. However, despite the widespread use of first-line antidiabetic drugs, IR in diabetes and its complications continue to rise. The gut microbiota and its metabolic products may promote the development of T2DM by exacerbating IR. Therefore, regulating the gut microbiota has become a promising therapeutic strategy, with particular attention given to probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review first examines the relationship between gut microbiota and IR in T2DM, summarizing the research progress of microbiota-based therapies in modulating IR. We then delve into how gut microbiota-related metabolic products contribute to IR. Finally, we summarize the research findings on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolic products to improve IR. In conclusion, the gut microbiota and its metabolic products play a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of T2DM by modulating IR, offering new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for T2DM.
肠道微生物群与2型糖尿病（T2DM）的发生和发展密切相关，T2DM的特征为胰岛素抵抗（IR）和慢性低度炎症。然而，尽管一线抗糖尿病药物广泛使用，但糖尿病及其并发症中的IR仍在不断上升。肠道微生物群及其代谢产物可能通过加剧IR来促进T2DM的发展。因此，调节肠道微生物群已成为一种有前景的治疗策略，其中益生菌、益生元、合生元和粪便微生物群移植受到特别关注。本综述首先探讨T2DM中肠道微生物群与IR之间的关系，总结基于微生物群的疗法在调节IR方面的研究进展。然后，我们深入研究肠道微生物群相关代谢产物如何导致IR。最后，我们总结了关于中药在调节肠道微生物群及其代谢产物以改善IR方面作用的研究结果。总之，肠道微生物群及其代谢产物通过调节IR在T2DM的病理生理过程中发挥关键作用，为T2DM的潜在治疗策略提供了新的见解。
