Van Deventer Darcy, Contreras Zuelma A, Li Shiwen, Iwundu Chisom, Ritz Beate, Cockburn Myles, Heck Julia E
Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2025 Jun;27(3):472-479. doi: 10.1007/s10903-025-01675-0. Epub 2025 Apr 3.
Residence in Hispanic enclaves may be a proxy measure of acculturation. Since acculturation among Hispanic women has been associated with unhealthy behaviors in pregnancy and adverse birth and child health outcomes, we assessed whether living in Hispanic enclaves during pregnancy affects childhood cancer risk among Hispanics. Cancer cases (n = 6,111) were identified from the California Cancer Registry between 1988 and 2013. Control children (n = 124,443) were randomly selected from California birth records. Data from the US decennial census (1990, 2000), and the American Community Survey (ACS) from 2007 to 2011 was used to create an index measure of Hispanic enclaves by census tract. In multivariable logistic regression models, we estimated the effects of living in Hispanic enclaves on cancer risk among young Hispanic children overall and by maternal nativity. We found positive associations between rhabdomyosarcoma in offspring and maternal residence in the least enclave-like tracts [OR = 1.62, 95% CI: (1.06, 2.46)]. For children of foreign-born Hispanic mothers, residence in the least enclave-like tracts was associated with lower retinoblastoma odds [OR = 0.59, 95% CI: (0.38, 0.91)]. In Los Angeles County, residing in the least enclave-like neighborhoods was positively associated with rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms' tumor odds [OR = 2.71, 95% CI: (1.27, 5.79), OR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.26, 3.94), respectively]. Overall residence in Hispanic enclaves did not have a uniformly beneficial effect, rather living outside of these enclaves was associated with lower odds of certain childhood cancers. However, there was substantial variation in risk by maternal nativity status and county of residence.
居住在西班牙裔聚居区可能是文化适应的一种替代指标。由于西班牙裔女性的文化适应与孕期的不健康行为以及不良的出生和儿童健康结局有关，我们评估了孕期居住在西班牙裔聚居区是否会影响西班牙裔儿童患癌症的风险。1988年至2013年间，从加利福尼亚癌症登记处识别出癌症病例（n = 6111例）。对照儿童（n = 124443例）从加利福尼亚州出生记录中随机选取。利用美国十年一次的人口普查数据（1990年、2000年）以及2007年至2011年的美国社区调查（ACS）数据，按普查区创建了西班牙裔聚居区的指数指标。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，我们估计了居住在西班牙裔聚居区对西班牙裔幼儿总体以及按母亲出生地划分的患癌风险的影响。我们发现，后代患横纹肌肉瘤与母亲居住在最不像聚居区的区域之间存在正相关[比值比（OR）= 1.62，95%置信区间（CI）：（1.06，2.46）]。对于外国出生的西班牙裔母亲的孩子，居住在最不像聚居区的区域与视网膜母细胞瘤的患病几率较低有关[OR = 0.59，95% CI：（0.38，0.91）]。在洛杉矶县，居住在最不像聚居区的社区与横纹肌肉瘤和肾母细胞瘤的患病几率呈正相关[分别为OR = 2.71，95% CI：（1.27，5.79），OR = 2.23，95% CI：（1.26，3.94）]。总体而言，居住在西班牙裔聚居区并没有产生一致的有益影响，相反，居住在这些聚居区之外与某些儿童癌症的患病几率较低有关。然而，根据母亲的出生地状况和居住县，风险存在很大差异。
