Taklu Meigol, Islami Houman Rajabi, Shekarabi Seyed Pezhman Hosseini, Mousavi Seyed Abdolmajid, Jourdehi Ayoub Yousefi
Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 14515-775, Tehran, Iran.
Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), National Research Center of Saline-waters Aquatics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96116-1.
This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides (NTs) on hematological indices, hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant capacity, digestive functions, and intestinal histomorphology of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Over 10 weeks, five diets with varying levels of NTs (0 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, 3.5 g/kg, and 5.0 g/kg) were fed to triplicate groups of the fish (initial weight: 95.33 ± 1.23 g) in a flow-through system. The results indicated that final weight and relative growth rate reached the highest values in fish fed with the 5.0 g/kg NTs supplemented diet (p < 0.05). The fish fed NTs-supplemented diets also had lower feed conversion ratios than those fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). While total leukocytes were increased by increasing the dietary NTs supplementation to the highest value in the fish fed with 3.5 g/kg NTs, no significant differences were obtained in RBC, Hb, MCHC, HCT, and eosinophil values among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). The highest WBC count was seen in the fish fed with 3.5 g/kg NTs compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The serum hepatic enzyme levels generally decreased with higher NTs supplementation, although alanine transaminase significantly increased at the 5.0 g/kg level (p < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity was improved in the fish fed with NTs at 0.25 and 0.35 g/kg (p < 0.05), while the serum malondialdehyde level was decreased up to 3.5 g/kg NTs but it was increased at 5.0 g/kg (p < 0.05). The protease and amylase activities peaked in the fish receiving 3.5 g/kg NTs (p < 0.05), with the highest lipase activity obtained in 2.5 g/kg NTs (p < 0.05). The intestinal histology revealed that the fish fed with NTs at 3.5 g/kg exhibited the greatest villus height and width, along with more goblet cells (p < 0.05). Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis, the optimum dietary levels of NTs for positive effects on physiometabolic responses and intestine functions of the Sterlet sturgeon lies in the range of 2.2-3.6 g/kg.
本研究调查了日粮核苷酸（NTs）对俄罗斯鲟（Acipenser ruthenus）血液学指标、肝脏生物标志物、抗氧化能力、消化功能及肠道组织形态的影响。在10周的时间里，将五种不同NTs水平（0 g/kg、1.5 g/kg、2.5 g/kg、3.5 g/kg和5.0 g/kg）的日粮投喂给流水养殖系统中每组三头的俄罗斯鲟（初始体重：95.33 ± 1.23 g）。结果表明，投喂添加5.0 g/kg NTs日粮的鱼终末体重和相对生长率达到最高值（p < 0.05）。与投喂基础日粮的鱼相比，投喂添加NTs日粮的鱼饲料转化率也更低（p < 0.05）。虽然随着日粮中NTs添加量增加至3.5 g/kg时鱼的总白细胞数增加到最高值，但各实验组的红细胞、血红蛋白、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积和嗜酸性粒细胞值无显著差异（p > 0.05）。与对照组相比，投喂3.5 g/kg NTs日粮的鱼白细胞计数最高（p < 0.05）。虽然在5.0 g/kg水平时丙氨酸转氨酶显著升高（p < 0.05），但随着NTs添加量增加血清肝酶水平总体下降。投喂0.25和0.35 g/kg NTs日粮的鱼抗氧化能力得到改善（p < 0.05），而血清丙二醛水平在NTs添加量达3.5 g/kg时下降，但在5.0 g/kg时升高（p < 0.05）。蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性在投喂3.5 g/kg NTs日粮的鱼中达到峰值（p < 0.05），脂肪酶活性在2.5 g/kg NTs时最高（p < 0.05）。肠道组织学显示，投喂3.5 g/kg NTs日粮的鱼绒毛高度和宽度最大，杯状细胞也更多（p < 0.05）。基于二阶多项式回归分析，日粮中NTs对俄罗斯鲟生理代谢反应和肠道功能产生积极影响的最佳添加量范围为2.2 - 3.6 g/kg。
