Dollas Maria Nordholt, Nilsson Martin, Larsen Tove, Nygaard Nikoline, Moser Claus, Belstrøm Daniel
Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Oral Microbiol. 2025 Apr 2;17(1):2486647. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2025.2486647. eCollection 2025.
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a recognized threat to global human health. However, the prevalence of AR in healthy adults is not well described. The present observational pilot study aimed to uncover the potential of using saliva samples for screening for antibiotic resistance.
A laboratory protocol was developed for screening of AR in saliva samples, which was tested and validated using saliva samples collected from 100 study participants. The risk of AR was analyzed with descriptive statistics and evaluated using a risk-factor profile based on information on antibiotic usage within the last 12 months, education level and origin of birth.
AR was identified in 43 (48%) saliva samples, out of which 60,0% and 17,1% of resistant strains displayed resistance to clindamycin and penicillin, respectively. Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis were most often identified with AR (51,4% of all cases). The risk of AR was not associated with self-perceived oral or general health, antibiotic use within the latest 12 months or any demographic or socioeconomic parameters recorded. The risk-factor profile was observed in 44% in the AR group versus 30% in the non-AR group ( = 0.19).
The present study showed that it is possible to perform non-invasive saliva-based screening for AR with a frequency of 48% of the samples, highlighting that saliva samples could be a valuable supplement to current surveillance methodologies for AR in the oral microbiota.
抗生素耐药性（AR）是全球人类健康面临的公认威胁。然而，健康成年人中AR的流行情况尚无充分描述。本观察性试点研究旨在揭示使用唾液样本筛查抗生素耐药性的潜力。
制定了一项用于筛查唾液样本中AR的实验室方案，并使用从100名研究参与者收集的唾液样本进行了测试和验证。通过描述性统计分析AR风险，并根据过去12个月内的抗生素使用情况、教育水平和出生地信息，使用风险因素概况进行评估。
在43份（48%）唾液样本中检测到AR，其中60.0%和17.1%的耐药菌株分别对克林霉素和青霉素耐药。唾液链球菌和副血链球菌最常被鉴定为具有AR（占所有病例的51.4%）。AR风险与自我感知的口腔或总体健康状况、最近12个月内的抗生素使用情况或记录的任何人口统计学或社会经济参数均无关联。AR组中44%观察到风险因素概况，而非AR组为30%（P = 0.19）。
本研究表明，有可能以48%的样本频率对AR进行基于唾液的非侵入性筛查，突出了唾液样本可能是目前口腔微生物群中AR监测方法的有价值补充。
