Arora Jagmeet S, Khoshab Nima, Kanack Melissa, Chase Leah, Kadakia Nikita, Vargas Sharon, Zadeh Touran, Vyas Raj M
From School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Apr 2;13(4):e6655. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006655. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. Early recognition of developmental delays associated with NSCLP is critical for counseling and management. This study investigates developmental delays in a large population of children with NSCLP.
This is an institutional review board-approved, retrospective analysis of children 5-21 years of age with a diagnosis of NSCLP. Demographic and clinical variables were collected for patients and a control group without NSCLP from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) database.
A total of 617 patients with NSCLP subjects and 29,147 NSCH participants were included. Among orofacial clefts, 45.2% were unilateral cleft lip and palate, followed by isolated cleft palate (30%), bilateral cleft lip and palate (16.4%), and isolated cleft lip (8.4%). NSCLP children with isolated cleft lip (odds ratio [OR]: 3.97), unilateral cleft lip and palate (OR: 2.17) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (OR: 2.91) had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder than the NSCH cohort. Rates of autism/pervasive developmental disorder were higher in children with isolated cleft lip than cleft lip and palate (11.5% versus 4.7%, = 0.06), but this association was not significant. Children with isolated cleft palate had higher rates of intellectual disability, speech delay, global developmental delay, cerebral palsy, and hearing loss compared with the NSCH cohort ( < 0.05).
Higher rates of attention disorders and developmental delays in children with NSCLP highlight the importance of proper risk assessment and multidisciplinary management for this population.
非综合征性唇裂和/或腭裂（NSCLP）是最常见的先天性颅面畸形。早期识别与NSCLP相关的发育迟缓对于咨询和管理至关重要。本研究调查了大量NSCLP儿童的发育迟缓情况。
这是一项经机构审查委员会批准的对5至21岁诊断为NSCLP的儿童进行的回顾性分析。从2018年全国儿童健康调查（NSCH）数据库中收集了患者以及无NSCLP的对照组的人口统计学和临床变量。
共纳入617例NSCLP受试者和29147名NSCH参与者。在口腔颌面裂中，45.2%为单侧唇腭裂，其次是单纯腭裂（30%）、双侧唇腭裂（16.4%）和单纯唇裂（8.4%）。与NSCH队列相比，单纯唇裂（优势比[OR]：3.97）、单侧唇腭裂（OR：2.17）和双侧唇腭裂（OR：2.91）的NSCLP儿童被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍的几率显著更高。单纯唇裂儿童的自闭症/广泛性发育障碍发生率高于唇腭裂儿童（11.5%对4.7%，P = 0.06），但这种关联不显著。与NSCH队列相比，单纯腭裂儿童的智力残疾、语言延迟、全面发育迟缓、脑瘫和听力损失发生率更高（P < 0.05）。
NSCLP儿童中注意力障碍和发育迟缓的发生率较高，凸显了对该人群进行适当风险评估和多学科管理的重要性。
