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氨苄西林及其前药巴氨西林在鸡和火鸡体内的药代动力学及口服生物利用度

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ampicillin and its prodrug bacampicillin in chickens and turkeys.

作者信息

Guzelaydin Kerem, Gunes Yigit, Anlas Ceren, Yildirim Murat

机构信息

Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.

出版信息

J Vet Sci. 2025 Mar;26(2):e21. doi: 10.4142/jvs.24268.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE

Reports comparing the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin (AMP) and its prodrug bacampicillin (BAC) in poultry are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of AMP and BAC in chickens and turkeys after intravenous (i.v.) or oral administrations at a single dosage of 25 mg/kg body weight.

METHODS

Thirty chickens and 30 turkeys were divided into three groups (n = 10). Blood samples (0.5-0.7 mL) were collected from the subcutenea ulnar vein at pre-assigned times up to 12 h. The AMP and BAC plasma concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods.

RESULTS

The area under the curve from 0 to 12 h, apparent total systemic, the apparent volume of distribution, and mean residence time differed significantly according to the administration routes. The terminal elimination half-life values for the i.v. AMP, oral AMP, and oral BAC routes were 1.81, 3.64, and 5.39 h ( = 0.0249, < 0.05), respectively, in chickens, and 2.44, 2.53, and 5.5 h ( < 0.0001), respectively, in turkeys. The bioavailability for the oral AMP and oral BAC groups in chickens was 25.9% and 44.6%, respectively. Similarly, in turkeys, the bioavailability was 19.1% and 44.2% for the oral AMP and oral BAC groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

The oral route of BAC with good bioavailability can be preferred for treating various conditions. On the other hand, further studies will be needed to determine the clinical efficacy of BAC during bacterial infections and the pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated administration in poultry.

摘要

重要性

关于氨苄西林(AMP)及其前药巴氨西林(BAC)在家禽体内药代动力学的比较报告很少。

目的

本研究评估了鸡和火鸡静脉注射(i.v.)或口服单剂量25mg/kg体重的AMP和BAC后的药代动力学特征。

方法

30只鸡和30只火鸡分为三组(n = 10)。在预定时间点直至12小时从尺侧皮下静脉采集血样(0.5 - 0.7mL)。使用带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱法分析AMP和BAC的血浆浓度。数据采用非房室方法进行分析。

结果

根据给药途径,0至12小时的曲线下面积、表观总全身清除率、表观分布容积和平均驻留时间有显著差异。在鸡中,静脉注射AMP、口服AMP和口服BAC途径的末端消除半衰期值分别为1.81、3.64和5.39小时( = 0.0249, < 0.05),在火鸡中分别为2.44、2.53和5.5小时( < 0.0001)。鸡口服AMP组和口服BAC组的生物利用度分别为25.9%和44.6%。同样,在火鸡中,口服AMP组和口服BAC组的生物利用度分别为19.1%和44.2%。

结论及意义

具有良好生物利用度的BAC口服途径可优先用于治疗各种病症。另一方面,需要进一步研究以确定BAC在细菌感染期间的临床疗效以及在家禽中重复给药的药代动力学和安全性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a0d9/11972936/1ed7a763115a/jvs-26-e21-g001.jpg

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