Family forest owner's perspectives on headwater streams in boreal forests: Motivations, values, and conservation actions.

Boreal headwater streams are vital for forest biodiversity and larger water bodies but face challenges from forest management. Understanding forest owner's views is key for effective water management. Our research surveys family forest owners to explore: (1) their perception of stream value, (2) factors driving their willingness to protect streams, and (3) if motivations for forest ownership vary by residence. Most owners are motivated by recreation. Those living far from their forests prioritize landscape, heritage, and biodiversity more than nearby residents. While owners recognize the importance of biodiversity and water protection, this does not always influence their management choices. Owners who are familiar with the link between forest management and stream health are more willing to protect streams from logging impacts. These findings highlight the need for better advice and policies for forest owners on managing water quality and biodiversity.