Asharaf Sumayya, Chakraborty Kajal, Paulose Silpa Kunnappilly, Varghese Chesvin, Dhara Shubhajit
Marine Biotechnology Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, 682018, Kerala State, India.
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lakeside Campus, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala State, Cochin, India.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2025 Apr 5;27(2):73. doi: 10.1007/s10126-025-10447-8.
Among tumors, liver cancer has an inferior prognosis. Therefore, exploring alternative strategies to improve the effectiveness of treatment for this ailment is of utmost urgency. In this study, we focused on analyzing the anti-cancer properties of bacterial exopolysaccharide from Bacillus velezensis associated with the seaweed Sargassum wightii against hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. A culture-dependent method was used to isolate heterotrophic B. velezensis, which was then evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. A β-(1 → 3) linked sulfated polygalactan exopolysaccharide (BVEP-2) was isolated from the bacterial extract and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The anti-cancer property was analyzed through assays involving 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU), and apoptosis (by annexin V-FITC/PI staining) against the human hepatocellular adenocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). BVEP-2 demonstrated potential cytotoxicity in the MTT assay (IC 65.05 μg/mL) and 23.02% cell viability in the NRU assay at a 100 µg/mL concentration of BVEP-2 against HepG2, compared to the standard doxorubicin. Potential antioxidant properties of BVEP-2 (IC 112-117 µg/mL) corroborated the anti-cancer activities, and the attenuation of free radicals could play a significant role in its anti-cancer potential. BVEP-2 induced approximately 9% early apoptosis and 39% late apoptosis in the HepG2 cell line, whereas the standard drug resulted in around 38% early apoptosis and 37% late apoptosis, along with 6% necrotic cells. The β-(1 → 3) linked sulfated polygalactan exopolysaccharide (BVEP-2) of B. velezensis MTCC13097 showed potential antioxidant and anti-cancer activities, and thus, could be developed as a promising pharmacophore lead against human hepatocellular adenocarcinoma.
在肿瘤中，肝癌的预后较差。因此，探索提高这种疾病治疗效果的替代策略迫在眉睫。在本研究中，我们重点分析了与海藻半叶马尾藻相关的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的细菌胞外多糖对肝细胞腺癌的抗癌特性。采用依赖培养的方法分离异养型贝莱斯芽孢杆菌，然后评估其抗氧化和抗癌特性。从细菌提取物中分离出一种β-(1→3)连接的硫酸化聚半乳糖胞外多糖（BVEP-2），并通过光谱分析对其进行表征。通过3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）、中性红摄取（NRU）以及针对人肝细胞腺癌细胞系（HepG2）的凋亡（通过膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI染色）分析抗癌特性。与标准阿霉素相比，在BVEP-2浓度为100μg/mL时，BVEP-2在MTT分析中显示出潜在的细胞毒性（IC65.05μg/mL），在NRU分析中细胞活力为23.02%。BVEP-2的潜在抗氧化特性（IC112 - 117μg/mL）证实了其抗癌活性，自由基的减少可能在其抗癌潜力中发挥重要作用。BVEP-2在HepG2细胞系中诱导了约9%的早期凋亡和39%的晚期凋亡，而标准药物导致约38%的早期凋亡和37%的晚期凋亡，以及6%的坏死细胞。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MTCC13097的β-(1→3)连接的硫酸化聚半乳糖胞外多糖（BVEP-2）显示出潜在的抗氧化和抗癌活性，因此，有望开发成为一种针对人肝细胞腺癌的有前景的药效基团先导物。
