Navas-Jiménez María C, Laguía Ana, Recio Patricia, García-Guiu Carlos, Pastor Alberto, Edú-Valsania Sergio, Molero Fernando, Mikulincer Mario, Moriano Juan A
Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2025 May;255:104971. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104971. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
This study examined the association between Secure Base Leadership (SBL) and burnout among 398 officer cadets at the Spanish Army's General Military Academy in Zaragoza. Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory, this research examines both the direct and moderating effects of SBL on the relationship between emotional demands and burnout within a high-stress military training environment. Cadets were organized into 14 sections, each led by a designated supervisor. Using multilevel modeling, the findings reveal that at the individual level (Level 1), higher emotional demands are significantly associated with increased burnout. At the team level (Level 2), cadets who perceive their leaders as a secure base report lower levels of burnout, indicating that SBL functions as a key job resource that mitigates stress-related outcomes. Furthermore, results demonstrate a significant cross-level interaction, whereby SBL moderates the relationship between emotional demands and burnout, attenuating the negative impact of high emotional demands on cadet well-being. These findings extend the JD-R framework by providing empirical evidence of the buffering role of secure base leadership in high-strain educational and occupational settings. The study underscores the critical role of leadership in fostering psychological resilience and suggests practical implications for the development of leadership training programs in military academies aimed at enhancing cadets' capacity to cope with occupational stressors.
本研究调查了西班牙萨拉戈萨陆军军事学院398名军官学员的安全型领导（SBL）与职业倦怠之间的关联。基于工作要求-资源（JD-R）理论，本研究考察了在高压力军事训练环境中，SBL对情绪要求与职业倦怠之间关系的直接影响和调节作用。学员被分成14个小组，每组由一名指定的主管领导。通过多层次建模，研究结果显示，在个体层面（第1层），更高的情绪要求与职业倦怠的增加显著相关。在团队层面（第2层），将领导视为安全型领导的学员报告的职业倦怠水平较低，这表明SBL作为一种关键的工作资源，可减轻与压力相关的后果。此外，结果显示出显著的跨层次交互作用，即SBL调节了情绪要求与职业倦怠之间的关系，减弱了高情绪要求对学员幸福感的负面影响。这些发现扩展了JD-R框架，为安全型领导在高压力教育和职业环境中的缓冲作用提供了实证证据。该研究强调了领导在培养心理韧性方面的关键作用，并对军事院校领导力培训项目的发展提出了实际建议，旨在提高学员应对职业压力源的能力。
