Ye Yiran, Jiao Boxin, Li Minghao, Tan Liguo, Zhao Jianqiao, Li Hang, Ren Ningyu, Su Ruihao, Prochowicz Daniel, Liu Yue, Ding Mohan, Wang Weipeng, Zhang Zhengjun, Chen Yu, Yi Chenyi
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Small. 2025 Jun;21(24):e2501410. doi: 10.1002/smll.202501410. Epub 2025 May 2.
Surface passivation of the perovskite layer is crucial for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Vacuum evaporation is a scalable solvent-free method for depositing a uniform and homogenous thin layer with better control of film thickness. While the use of the vacuum-deposition method to obtain high-quality perovskite thin films is recently adapted, the evaporation of organic additives for surface passivation of the perovskite layer has not been widely studied. In this work, a vacuum evaporation method is introduced to uniformly deposit a novel multifunctional organic salt, 2-chlorophenethylamine pentafluorobenzene sulfonate (2-ClPEAPf), onto a perovskite surface. It is observed that 2-ClPEAPf not only effectively passivates the interfacial defects but also prevents moisture invasion into the perovskite film. As a result, planar n-i-p PSCs exhibit maximum PCE up to 25.16% with an aperture area of 0.1 cm and PCE of 24.00% (certified) on an active area of 1.0 cm. In addition, the 0.1 cm device with vacuum-evaporated 2-ClPEAPf reveals enhanced operational stability maintaining 92.5% of its initial efficiency after 800 hours of continuous light irradiation.
钙钛矿层的表面钝化对于提高钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的光伏性能至关重要。真空蒸发是一种可扩展的无溶剂方法，用于沉积均匀且同质的薄层，能更好地控制膜厚。虽然最近采用了真空沉积法来获得高质量的钙钛矿薄膜，但用于钙钛矿层表面钝化的有机添加剂的蒸发尚未得到广泛研究。在这项工作中，引入了一种真空蒸发方法，将一种新型多功能有机盐2-氯苯乙胺五氟苯磺酸盐（2-ClPEAPf）均匀地沉积在钙钛矿表面。据观察，2-ClPEAPf不仅能有效钝化界面缺陷，还能防止水分侵入钙钛矿薄膜。结果，平面n-i-p型PSC在孔径面积为0.1平方厘米时，最大光电转换效率（PCE）高达25.16%，在1.0平方厘米的活性面积上PCE为24.00%（经认证）。此外，采用真空蒸发2-ClPEAPf的0.1平方厘米器件显示出增强的运行稳定性，在连续光照800小时后仍保持其初始效率的92.5%。
