Zhang Zhenjun, Wu Yilong, Mo Zuxue, Lei Xiaoxu, Xie Xuerui, Xue Xiangyong, Qin Haiqing, Jiang Haowen
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, National Engineering Research Center for Special Mineral Material, Guangxi Technology Innovation Center for Special Mineral Material, China Nonferrous Metal (Guilin) Geology And Mining Co., Ltd Guilin 541004 P. R. China
RSC Adv. 2025 Apr 7;15(14):10731-10753. doi: 10.1039/d5ra01268f. eCollection 2025 Apr 4.
In recent years, with the rapid development of fields such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems, the performance requirements for lithium-ion batteries have been continuously rising. Among the numerous key components of lithium-ion batteries, the performance of the anode materials plays a crucial role, as it is directly related to core indicators such as the energy density, cycle life, and safety of the batteries. Among them, silicon-based anode materials have stood out among many anode materials by virtue of their extremely high theoretical specific capacity, becoming one of the hot research directions in the field of lithium-ion battery anode materials at present. However, silicon-based anode materials have problems such as severe volume expansion, poor electrical conductivity, low initial coulombic efficiency, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase during the charging and discharging process, which limit their wide application and urgently require the seeking of new solutions. This paper comprehensively and in-depth introduces the research progress of silicon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries in recent years, focusing on the failure mechanisms and modification methods of silicon-based anodes, and provides effective solutions to the severe challenges faced in the commercialization process of silicon-based anodes.
近年来,随着便携式电子设备、电动汽车和储能系统等领域的快速发展,对锂离子电池的性能要求不断提高。在锂离子电池众多关键组件中,负极材料的性能起着至关重要的作用,因为它直接关系到电池的能量密度、循环寿命和安全性等核心指标。其中,硅基负极材料凭借其极高的理论比容量在众多负极材料中脱颖而出,成为目前锂离子电池负极材料领域的热门研究方向之一。然而,硅基负极材料在充放电过程中存在体积膨胀严重、导电性差、初始库仑效率低以及固体电解质界面不稳定等问题,这些问题限制了它们的广泛应用,迫切需要寻求新的解决方案。本文全面深入地介绍了近年来锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展,重点阐述了硅基负极的失效机制及改性方法,并针对硅基负极商业化过程中面临的严峻挑战提供了有效的解决方案。