Aguilar Rodrigo S, Giraldes Ana Paula Rosim, Delia Maria Paula Barbieri, Roscani Meliza Goi, Pott Henrique
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP - Brasil.
Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (HU-UFSCar), São Carlos, SP - Brasil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2025 Mar;122(3):e20240537. doi: 10.36660/abc.20240537.
Influenza vaccination reduces illness and fatality in older adults, especially those with cardiovascular comorbidities.
To investigate influenza vaccination uptake among community-dwelling older Brazilian patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the ELSI-Brazil Second wave (2019-2021), involving 9,949 older adults. Participants with cardiovascular conditions provided data on influenza vaccination from the previous year. Vaccination-associated factors were identified, with subgroup analyses for each cardiovascular comorbidity. An exploratory analysis investigated the primary reasons for non-vaccination. Statistical significance was determined with a two-sided P-value < 0.05.
This study included 5,296 individuals. Of these, 76.6% reported receiving the influenza vaccine within the year before data collection. Vaccinated individuals were generally older females, widowed, and non-smokers with healthier habits and private healthcare access, although they had higher frailty and cardiovascular comorbidities. Age significantly influenced the likelihood of vaccination across subgroups. In hypertension, private healthcare and good health status increased the odds, while smoking and alcohol consumption reduced them. The most common reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine were fear of adverse reactions (18.2%), belief in a low-risk infection (14.9%), vaccine unavailability (13.9%), and lack of confidence in its effectiveness (12%).
About 24% of older Brazilian adults with cardiovascular conditions remain unvaccinated against influenza, posing severe health risks. Strategies addressing personal beliefs, improving access, and enhancing healthcare provider engagement are crucial. Tailored interventions should align with the population's demographic and health characteristics to overcome these barriers effectively.
流感疫苗接种可降低老年人，尤其是患有心血管合并症的老年人的疾病发生率和死亡率。
调查巴西社区居住的患有心血管合并症的老年患者的流感疫苗接种率。
这项横断面研究分析了来自巴西ELSI第二波（2019 - 2021年）的数据，涉及9949名老年人。患有心血管疾病的参与者提供了上一年流感疫苗接种的数据。确定了与疫苗接种相关的因素，并对每种心血管合并症进行了亚组分析。一项探索性分析调查了未接种疫苗的主要原因。双侧P值<0.05确定具有统计学意义。
本研究纳入了5296名个体。其中，76.6%报告在数据收集前一年接种了流感疫苗。接种疫苗的个体通常是年龄较大的女性、丧偶者、不吸烟者，有更健康的习惯且能获得私人医疗服务，尽管他们有更高的虚弱程度和心血管合并症。年龄对各亚组的疫苗接种可能性有显著影响。在高血压患者中，私人医疗服务和良好的健康状况增加了接种几率，而吸烟和饮酒则降低了接种几率。未接种流感疫苗的最常见原因是担心不良反应（18.2%）、认为感染风险低（14.9%）、无法获得疫苗（13.9%）以及对其有效性缺乏信心（12%）。
约24%的患有心血管疾病的巴西老年成年人仍未接种流感疫苗，这带来了严重的健康风险。解决个人观念、改善获取途径以及加强医疗服务提供者参与的策略至关重要。针对性的干预措施应与人群的人口统计学和健康特征相匹配，以有效克服这些障碍。
