Zhang Xuerong, Zhang Wanqing, Gao Jing, Tu Zuhong, Ye Xin, Liu Yang, Tu Wenqiong
School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Modern Service Department, Jiangsu Haimen Secondary Vocational School, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2025 Jun;53(6):1486-1495. doi: 10.1007/s10439-025-03727-w. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
The biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices directly affects the evaluation of safety performance of child restraint systems. The purpose is to enhance the biofidelity of Q3 child dummy by chest structure reconstruction for the accurate prediction of the child injuries during a frontal crash.
The finite element model of Q3 child dummy restrained in impact shield child restraint systems was validated through a frontal sled test. Based on the validated sled test simulation models, the comparative biofidelity analyses between Q3 model and PIPER 3-year-old human model were conducted by the quantitative kinematic and biomechanical analyses. The internal chest structure difference between Q3 and PIPER 3-year-old human model is discussed, and the absence of the heart, lungs, and great vessels in the Q3 dummy leads to the low biofidelity; therefore, the chest structure and cardiopulmonary model of Q3 dummy were reconstructed to enhance the biofidelity.
In comparison to the original Q3 model, the chest deflection, head forward displacement, and neck bending angle of the reconstructed Q3 model increased by 38.5, 2.2, and 17%, respectively, and the upward displacement of the hip decreased by 49%. The head swing degree of the reconstructed Q3 model is dramatically reduced during the rebound process, and the injury assessment criteria of the head, chest, and pelvis can reach more than 95% of the level of the PIPER 3-year-old human model.
This study shows that the chest reconstruction can significantly improve the biofidelity of the Q3 dummy, and future study is recommended to optimize the spinal structures of the Q3 model for further enhancement of biofidelity.
人体模拟试验装置的生物逼真度直接影响儿童约束系统安全性能的评估。目的是通过胸部结构重建提高Q3儿童假人的生物逼真度，以便准确预测正面碰撞时儿童的损伤情况。
通过正面台车试验验证了约束在冲击护盾儿童约束系统中的Q3儿童假人的有限元模型。基于经过验证的台车试验模拟模型，通过定量运动学和生物力学分析对Q3模型和PIPER 3岁人体模型进行了比较生物逼真度分析。讨论了Q3和PIPER 3岁人体模型之间的内部胸部结构差异，Q3假人中心脏、肺和大血管的缺失导致生物逼真度较低；因此，对Q3假人的胸部结构和心肺模型进行了重建以提高生物逼真度。
与原始Q3模型相比，重建后的Q3模型胸部挠度、头部向前位移和颈部弯曲角度分别增加了38.5%、2.2%和17%，髋部向上位移减少了49%。重建后的Q3模型在反弹过程中的头部摆动程度显著降低，头部、胸部和骨盆的损伤评估标准可达到PIPER 3岁人体模型水平的95%以上。
本研究表明胸部重建可显著提高Q3假人的生物逼真度，建议未来的研究优化Q3模型的脊柱结构以进一步提高生物逼真度。
