McCallum Brent, Copley Tanya, Foster Adam, Liu Miao, Amarasinghe Chami, Rosa Silvia Barcellos
Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB, Canada.
Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada.
Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2898:3-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4378-5_1.
Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases of wheat in Canada and worldwide. Commonly used control measures include host genetic resistance and fungicide application. Genetic resistance has proven to be very effective and can also be durable when the right combinations of resistance genes are incorporated into wheat cultivars. However, P. triticina is a highly variable pathogen with diverse populations over large geographic areas. This often leads to the evolution of virulence toward resistance genes that are widely used in wheat cultivars. These virulent races are then rapidly selected by wheat cultivars that depend on these now ineffective resistance genes for protection. It is critical to detect these virulent races as quickly as possible to alert producers when some cultivars which were formerly resistant are now susceptible so that they can switch to other, more resistant cultivars or chemical control options. Similarly, wheat breeders need to be alerted that certain resistance genes and cultivars have lost their effectiveness to enable them to select alternative resistance genes and gene combinations for which virulence has not been detected. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the detailed methods required to reliably determine the virulence phenotype, or race, for isolates of P. triticina.
由小麦叶锈菌（Puccinia triticina Eriks.）引起的小麦叶锈病是加拿大乃至全球范围内最广泛且具破坏性的小麦病害之一。常用的防治措施包括寄主遗传抗性和施用杀菌剂。事实证明，遗传抗性非常有效，并且当将正确组合的抗性基因导入小麦品种时，这种抗性还可能持久。然而，小麦叶锈菌是一种高度可变的病原菌，在广大地理区域内存在多种菌系。这常常导致对小麦品种中广泛使用的抗性基因产生毒性进化。然后，这些毒性小种会被依赖这些现已无效的抗性基因进行保护的小麦品种迅速选择出来。尽快检测到这些毒性小种至关重要，以便在一些先前具有抗性的品种现在变得易感时向生产者发出警报，使他们能够转而种植其他更具抗性的品种或采用化学防治措施。同样，需要提醒小麦育种者某些抗性基因和品种已失去效力，以便他们能够选择尚未检测到毒性的替代抗性基因和基因组合。本章的目的是描述可靠确定小麦叶锈菌分离株毒性表型或小种所需的详细方法。
