Mohi Ud Din Qaiser, Tahir Aqsa, Xiaojuan Yang, Alqahtani Sultan, Gul Nagina
Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Business School, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2025 May;255:104986. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104986. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
Ethical climate, ethical leadership, team cohesion, and collective moral efficacy influence organizational integrity and performance within higher education institutions. How do these factors interact within various cultural and institutional contexts, and what mechanisms reveal their relationships? This research investigates the relationship between ethical climate, ethical leadership, collective moral efficacy, and team cohesion within Pakistan, China, and Saudi Arabia higher education institutions. The research is based on Social Cognitive Theory and utilizes a quantitative survey method, obtaining data from 15 universities chosen for their varied cultural, economic, and institutional contexts. The results indicate that ethical climate substantially improves ethical leadership, with collective moral efficacy as a mediator and team cohesion as a moderator. The strength of these relationships differs among countries: China's collectivist culture and strong institutional frameworks enhance these associations, whereas Pakistan's resource limitations and systemic challenges diminish them. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 reforms indicate advancement; however, they encounter challenges in implementation. This study addresses significant gaps in the literature by introducing collective moral efficacy and team cohesion as mediating and moderating variables, extending Social Cognitive Theory, and offering a cross-cultural perspective on ethical leadership. The findings highlight the significance of promoting ethical climates, enhancing team cohesion, and tackling systemic challenges to improve leadership effectiveness and organizational outcomes. This investigation provides strategies for higher education institutions to enhance ethical practices and resilience across varied cultural and economic contexts. Ultimately, this study raises a pivotal question: How can higher education institutions worldwide leverage ethical climate and leadership to foster sustainable organizational practices and achieve institutional excellence in an increasingly complex global landscape?
道德氛围、道德领导力、团队凝聚力和集体道德效能会影响高等教育机构的组织诚信和绩效。这些因素在不同的文化和制度背景下是如何相互作用的，以及哪些机制揭示了它们之间的关系？本研究调查了巴基斯坦、中国和沙特阿拉伯高等教育机构中道德氛围、道德领导力、集体道德效能和团队凝聚力之间的关系。该研究基于社会认知理论，采用定量调查方法，从15所因文化、经济和制度背景各异而被选中的大学获取数据。结果表明，道德氛围能显著提升道德领导力，其中集体道德效能起中介作用，团队凝聚力起调节作用。这些关系的强度在不同国家有所不同：中国的集体主义文化和强大的制度框架增强了这些关联，而巴基斯坦的资源限制和系统性挑战则削弱了它们。沙特阿拉伯的《2030年愿景》改革显示出进步；然而，它们在实施过程中遇到了挑战。本研究通过引入集体道德效能和团队凝聚力作为中介和调节变量，扩展了社会认知理论，并提供了关于道德领导力的跨文化视角，填补了文献中的重大空白。研究结果强调了营造道德氛围、增强团队凝聚力以及应对系统性挑战对于提高领导效能和组织成果的重要性。这项调查为高等教育机构提供了在不同文化和经济背景下加强道德实践和恢复力的策略。最终，本研究提出了一个关键问题：在日益复杂的全球格局中，世界各地的高等教育机构如何利用道德氛围和领导力来促进可持续的组织实践并实现机构卓越？
