Blumberg S H, Izard C E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Jul;49(1):194-202. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.49.1.194.
Indices of emotion experiences, attribution style, and intellectual performance were regressed on an index of childhood depression. The results indicated that the depressed children were like depressed adults in that they reported experiencing a pattern of emotions including sadness, anger, self-directed hostility, and shame, and they tended to explain negative events in terms of internal, stable, and global causes. The similarity between depressed children and depressed adults on these measures was greater for girls than for boys. Depression was not related to performance on a verbal task, but depressed girls performed worse than nondepressed girls on a block design task. The measures of emotion experiences accounted for 78.1% and 46.1% of the variance in girls' and boys' depression scores, respectively, after the variance accounted for by attribution style was partialed out.
将情绪体验指标、归因方式和智力表现指标对儿童期抑郁指标进行回归分析。结果表明，抑郁儿童与抑郁成人相似，他们报告经历了包括悲伤、愤怒、自我指向性敌意和羞耻感在内的情绪模式，并且倾向于从内在、稳定和全局的原因来解释负面事件。在这些测量指标上，抑郁儿童与抑郁成人之间的相似性，女孩比男孩更为显著。抑郁与言语任务表现无关，但在积木设计任务中，抑郁女孩的表现比非抑郁女孩更差。在排除归因方式所解释的方差后，情绪体验指标分别解释了女孩和男孩抑郁得分方差的78.1%和46.1%。
