Ding Minglu, Huo Keyuan, Chen Xiaojie, Wang Wanyao, Xiang Zihan, Song Yidan, Chen Peijian, Liu Lantao
Graduate Student Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.
School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Mar 26;16:1555518. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1555518. eCollection 2025.
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed death caused by the imbalance of lipid peroxides in cells. Unlike apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis, ferroptosis is mainly induced by the small molecule compound erastin. The main characteristics of ferroptosis were glutathione (GSH) depletion, inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoting lipid peroxidation. Eventually, the imbalance of lipid peroxidation regulation in cells leads to ferroptosis. The lipid metabolic pathway ultimately contributes to ferroptosis through the production of lipid peroxides. In addition, other cellular metabolic pathways can also regulate ferroptosis, such as the antioxidant metabolic pathway, which inhibits ferroptosis by clearing lipid peroxides and reducing cell membrane damage. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length and are a less classified group of RNA transcripts that are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis and are more tissue or cell type specific than protein-coding genes. Studies on the molecular profile of lncRNAs in plasma samples from liver cancer patients show that differentially expressed lncRNAs are mainly concentrated in biological functions related to tumorigenesis, such as cell metastasis, immune response and metabolic regulation. With different biological functions in physiological and pathological environments, the specific expression patterns of lncRNAs coordinate cell state, development, differentiation, and disease.
铁死亡是一种由细胞内脂质过氧化物失衡引起的铁依赖性程序性死亡。与细胞凋亡、自噬和坏死不同，铁死亡主要由小分子化合物埃拉斯汀诱导。铁死亡的主要特征是谷胱甘肽（GSH）耗竭、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）失活以及活性氧（ROS）促进脂质过氧化。最终，细胞内脂质过氧化调节失衡导致铁死亡。脂质代谢途径最终通过脂质过氧化物的产生促进铁死亡。此外，其他细胞代谢途径也可以调节铁死亡，例如抗氧化代谢途径，它通过清除脂质过氧化物和减少细胞膜损伤来抑制铁死亡。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码转录本，是一组分类较少的RNA转录本，与肿瘤发生和转移相关，并且比蛋白质编码基因更具组织或细胞类型特异性。对肝癌患者血浆样本中lncRNA分子谱的研究表明，差异表达的lncRNA主要集中在与肿瘤发生相关的生物学功能上，如细胞转移、免疫反应和代谢调节。lncRNA在生理和病理环境中具有不同的生物学功能，其特定的表达模式协调细胞状态、发育、分化和疾病。
