Tavakoli Hassan, Najaflou Meysam, Yarikhosroushahi Ahmad
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Ali University, Imam Khomeini Street, P.O. Box 1317893471, Tehran, 1317893471, Iran.
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 516615731, Iran.
J Biol Eng. 2025 Apr 10;19(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13036-025-00498-9.
Bleeding and traumatic injuries are still a major issue necessitating the development of advanced hemostatic materials that are economical, biocompatible, and effective. Chitosan's (CS) haemostatic and biocompatible properties make it a promising wound-healing material, however, effective cross-linking is essential for appropriate physiochemical properties. In this study, calcium-doped carbon dots (CDs) produced from coriander leaves were used as cross-linking agents to improve the functional performance and structural integrity of nanohydrogel films. Furthermore, extract of the medicinal plant Bistorta officinalis (BEX), a traditional medicinal plant with strong hemostatic and antibacterial qualities, was incorporated into the hydrogel matrix.
Analysis and characterization of the synthesized CDs thoroughly confirmed that they have monodispersed spherical shape, negative zeta potential, and active functional groups which effectively cross-linked the chitosan matrix and increased the mechanical strength and stability of the film. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial results of the final films showed the desired cytocompatibility against Human skin fibroblast (HFF-1 cells) with over 80% viability at the highest concentration and effective antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (further improved by cross-linking with CDs and incorporating BEX), respectively. The incorporation of BEX and CDs in hydrogel films significantly enhanced the film's blood-clotting ability with negligible hemolysis due to blood clotting index and hemolysis tests.
The findings of this study highlight the potential of biomaterial-based nano hydrogel film, composed of CS cross-linked with CDs and containing BEX, as a promising wound dressing with outstanding biocompatibility, minimal cytotoxicity, enhanced hemostatic efficacy, and strong antibacterial properties.
出血和创伤性损伤仍然是一个重大问题，因此需要开发经济、生物相容且有效的先进止血材料。壳聚糖（CS）的止血和生物相容特性使其成为一种有前景的伤口愈合材料，然而，有效的交联对于获得合适的物理化学性质至关重要。在本研究中，用香菜叶制备的钙掺杂碳点（CDs）作为交联剂，以改善纳米水凝胶膜的功能性能和结构完整性。此外，将具有很强止血和抗菌特性的传统药用植物拳参提取物（BEX）掺入水凝胶基质中。
对合成的CDs进行的分析和表征充分证实，它们具有单分散球形、负zeta电位和活性官能团，这些有效地交联了壳聚糖基质，提高了膜的机械强度和稳定性。最终膜的细胞毒性和抗菌结果表明，其对人皮肤成纤维细胞（HFF-1细胞）具有所需的细胞相容性，在最高浓度下存活率超过80%，并且分别对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有有效的抗菌活性（通过与CDs交联和掺入BEX进一步改善）。由于凝血指数和溶血试验，在水凝胶膜中掺入BEX和CDs显著提高了膜的凝血能力，溶血可忽略不计。
本研究结果突出了基于生物材料的纳米水凝胶膜的潜力，该膜由与CDs交联的CS组成并含有BEX，作为一种有前景的伤口敷料，具有出色的生物相容性、最小的细胞毒性、增强的止血功效和强大的抗菌性能。
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