Sun Jiali, Wang Xiaoqi, He Yuanjie, Han Mengting, Li Mei, Wang Siyue, Chen Jia, Zhang Qiang, Yang Baowei
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xi'nong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Apr 11;207(5):120. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04320-4.
As emerging environmental pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are prevalent in livestock farms and their surrounding environments. Although existing studies have focused on ARGs in specific environmental media, comprehensive research on ARGs within farming environments and their adjacent areas remains scarce. This review explores the sources, pollution status, and transmission pathways of ARGs from farms to the surrounding environment. Drawing on the "One Health" concept, it also discusses the potential risks of ARGs transmission from animals to human pathogens and the resulting impact on human health. Our findings suggest that the emergence of ARGs in livestock farming environments primarily results from intrinsic resistance and genetic mutations, while their spread is largely driven by horizontal gene transfer. The distribution of ARGs varies according to the type of resistance genes, seasonal changes, and the medium in which they are present. ARGs are disseminated into the surrounding environment via pathways such as manure application, wastewater discharge, and aerosol diffusion. They may be absorbed by humans, accumulating in the intestinal microbiota and subsequently affecting human health. The spread of ARGs is influenced by the interplay of microbial communities, antibiotics, heavy metals, emerging pollutants, and environmental factors. Additionally, we have outlined three control strategies: reducing the emergence of ARGs at the source, controlling their spread, and minimizing human exposure. This article provides a theoretical framework and scientific guidance for understanding the cross-media migration of microbial resistance in livestock farming environments.
作为新兴的环境污染物，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在畜牧场及其周边环境中普遍存在。尽管现有研究主要关注特定环境介质中的ARGs，但对养殖环境及其邻近区域内ARGs的全面研究仍然匮乏。本综述探讨了ARGs从养殖场到周边环境的来源、污染状况及传播途径。基于“同一健康”概念，还讨论了ARGs从动物传播至人类病原体的潜在风险以及对人类健康的影响。我们的研究结果表明，畜牧养殖环境中ARGs的出现主要源于内在抗性和基因突变，而其传播在很大程度上是由水平基因转移驱动的。ARGs的分布因抗性基因类型、季节变化以及它们所在的介质而异。ARGs通过粪便施用、废水排放和气溶胶扩散等途径传播到周边环境中。它们可能被人类吸收，在肠道微生物群中积累，进而影响人类健康。ARGs的传播受到微生物群落、抗生素、重金属、新兴污染物和环境因素之间相互作用的影响。此外，我们还概述了三种控制策略：从源头上减少ARGs的出现、控制其传播以及尽量减少人类接触。本文为理解畜牧养殖环境中微生物抗性的跨介质迁移提供了理论框架和科学指导。
