Fraile-Ramos Juan, Dogoh Faeren, Ogiator Monday, Oghagbon Efosa Kenneth, Giménez-Llort Lydia
Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda Can Domènec, s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de la Vinya, s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):158. doi: 10.1186/s12883-025-04173-w.
Sub-Saharan Africans and Afro-Americans face 2-to-8 times higher risk of dementia compared to Caucasians, with Nigerian people being the highest population-at-risk. Adding to this challenge, their unique lipid profile increases their susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2), which further raises the risk of cognitive impairment (CI) by 1.5 times. Recently, we demonstrated a strong Diabetes/Dementia tandem in Nigerians, with increased cognitive vulnerability in illiterate, short-height, and diabetic Nigerian women in the eye of the storm. The combination of factors within this population makes it the optimal scenario to understand the relationship between CI and DM-2.
Here, we further studied the blood biochemical analysis of our Makurdi cohort and searched for correlations with standard anthropometric measures, educational level, cognitive status (as assessed with MMSE, 6-CIT) and DM-2.
CI was prevalent across all groups, with higher incidence in DM-2 subjects and a marked sexual dimorphism. Thus, women exhibited a greater risk, especially those with low educational attainment. In the search for potential blood-based biomarkers for cognitive function, we identified those related to renal function. In particular, elevated uric acid and urea levels were associated with poorer cognitive performance, highlighting a potential kidney-brain axis connection.
Renal function blood metabolites in this Nigerian cohort have been identified as possible kidney-brain axis biomarkers of CI. Moreover, illiteracy, female sex, and DM-2 pose them a compounded risk of developing CI. These findings advocate that targeted interventions addressing educational disparities and metabolic health could be proposed to mitigate cognitive decline in these vulnerable sub-groups. The integration of these factors provides a comprehensive understanding of CI incidence in Nigeria's population, offering new avenues for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Not applicable.
与白种人相比，撒哈拉以南非洲人和非裔美国人患痴呆症的风险要高出2至8倍，其中尼日利亚人群是风险最高的群体。除此之外，他们独特的血脂谱增加了他们患2型糖尿病（DM-2）的易感性，这进一步使认知障碍（CI）的风险增加了1.5倍。最近，我们在尼日利亚人身上发现了一种强烈的糖尿病/痴呆症串联现象，在这场风暴中，文盲、身材矮小且患有糖尿病的尼日利亚女性的认知易损性增加。该人群中的多种因素结合使其成为了解CI与DM-2之间关系的理想研究对象。
在此，我们进一步研究了我们马库尔迪队列的血液生化分析，并寻找与标准人体测量指标、教育水平、认知状态（通过MMSE、6-CIT评估）和DM-2之间的相关性。
CI在所有组中都很普遍，在DM-2患者中发病率更高，且存在明显的性别差异。因此，女性表现出更大的风险，尤其是那些受教育程度低的女性。在寻找认知功能的潜在血液生物标志物时，我们确定了与肾功能相关的标志物。特别是，尿酸和尿素水平升高与较差的认知表现相关，这突出了潜在的肾-脑轴联系。
在这个尼日利亚队列中，肾功能血液代谢物已被确定为CI可能的肾-脑轴生物标志物。此外，文盲、女性性别和DM-2使他们面临患CI的复合风险。这些发现表明，可以提出有针对性的干预措施来解决教育差距和代谢健康问题，以减轻这些弱势群体的认知衰退。这些因素的综合作用有助于全面了解尼日利亚人群中CI的发病率，为诊断、预防和治疗策略提供新途径。
不适用。
