Luo Wenyu, Zhou Jinfeng, Qiu Lingyu, Zhao Li
Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchon, Sichuan, China.
School of Nursing, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Sichuan, 637000, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 11;25(1):546. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05815-8.
This study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to inform the development of oral management programs in this population.
A total of 431 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited two tertiary public hospitals in Nanchong City from March 2024 to October 2024 were enrolled in this study. The General Information Questionnaire, Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8), Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), Eating Assessment Questionnaire Tool-10 (EAT-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), and Geriatric Self Efficacy Scale for Oral Health Scale (GSEOH) were used to investigate and assess the factors related to oral frailty.
The prevalence of oral frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was 32.95% (142/431). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age(OR = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.054 ~ 1.146), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7%(OR = 3.745, 95% CI: 1.203-12.647), dysphagia(OR = 8.401, 95% CI: 2.276-43.846), and poor oral health status (OR = 2.213, 95% CI: 1.134-4.394) were risk factors of oral frailty, and the number of remaining teeth ≥ 20(OR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.046-0.217) and high oral health-related self-efficacy(OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.898-0.970) were protective factors against oral frailty (P < 0.05).
The Integral Model of Frailty provides a new theoretical framework for the study of oral frailty. The main OF infuencing factors in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are age, HbA1c, dysphagia, poor oral health status, the number of remaining teeth, and oral health-related self-efficacy. Healthcare professionals should develop and implement targeted oral health management strategies for this population to improve oral health outcomes.
本研究旨在调查老年2型糖尿病患者口腔衰弱的现状及影响因素，为该人群口腔管理方案的制定提供依据。
选取2024年3月至2024年10月期间在南充市两家三级公立医院就诊的431例老年2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查问卷、口腔衰弱指数-8（OFI-8）、口腔健康评估工具（OHAT）、进食评估问卷工具-10（EAT-10）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、老年抑郁量表（GDS-5）以及老年口腔健康自我效能量表（GSEOH）对口腔衰弱相关因素进行调查和评估。
老年2型糖尿病患者口腔衰弱的患病率为32.95%（142/431）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高龄（OR = 1.098，95%CI：1.054～1.146）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）≥7%（OR = 3.745，95%CI：1.203 - 12.647）、吞咽困难（OR = 8.401，95%CI：2.276 - 43.846）以及口腔健康状况差（OR = 2.213，95%CI：1.134 - 4.394）是口腔衰弱的危险因素，而余留牙数≥20颗（OR = 0.105，95%CI：0.046 - 0.217）和较高的口腔健康相关自我效能（OR = 0.934，95%CI：0.898 - 0.970）是口腔衰弱的保护因素（P < 0.05）。
衰弱整体模型为口腔衰弱的研究提供了新的理论框架。老年2型糖尿病患者口腔衰弱的主要影响因素为年龄、HbA1c、吞咽困难、口腔健康状况、余留牙数以及口腔健康相关自我效能。医护人员应针对该人群制定并实施有针对性的口腔健康管理策略，以改善口腔健康结局。
