Mihály-Karnai Laura, Fehér Milán, Bársony Péter, Szűcs István, Mihály Tamás, Fróna Dániel, Szőllősi László
Institute of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 5;15(7):1055. doi: 10.3390/ani15071055.
This study examines the sustainability and economic viability of intensive common carp () production in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) in Hungary. Using a deterministic model, the research identifies production costs, profitability, and the critical factors influencing economic efficiency. It also evaluates the impact of key variables, such as the feed purchase price, the market-sized common carp sales price, the specific gross yield, the electricity price, and electricity consumption, on economic performance by using a sensitivity analysis. Primary data were collected from an experimental trial conducted under controlled conditions in Hungary, dividing the production process into three phases: pre-rearing, post-rearing, and market-sized fish production. The unit production cost of market-sized common carp in 2024 was 5.47 EUR/kg, with energy (47.01%) and feed (24.18%) as the main cost drivers. While the sales price covered variable costs, it failed to offset fixed costs, resulting in a loss of 0.41 EUR/kg. The results reveal that while RAS technology offers high productivity and efficient resource utilization, its economic viability is challenged by high initial investment and operational costs. Nevertheless, the study identifies optimization opportunities in feed management, water usage, and electricity efficiency to enhance sustainability and profitability. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and technological considerations to advance intensive aquaculture practices.
本研究考察了匈牙利循环水养殖系统（RAS）中鲤鱼集约化生产的可持续性和经济可行性。该研究采用确定性模型，确定生产成本、盈利能力以及影响经济效率的关键因素。通过敏感性分析，评估饲料采购价格、市场规格鲤鱼销售价格、特定毛产量、电价和耗电量等关键变量对经济绩效的影响。主要数据来自于在匈牙利可控条件下进行的一项试验，将生产过程分为三个阶段：前期培育、后期培育和市场规格鱼生产。2024年市场规格鲤鱼的单位生产成本为5.47欧元/千克，能源（47.01%）和饲料（24.18%）是主要成本驱动因素。虽然销售价格覆盖了可变成本，但未能抵消固定成本，导致每千克亏损0.41欧元。结果表明，虽然循环水养殖系统技术具有高生产力和高效资源利用的特点，但其经济可行性受到高初始投资和运营成本的挑战。尽管如此，该研究确定了饲料管理、用水和用电效率方面的优化机会，以提高可持续性和盈利能力。这些发现强调了整合经济、环境和技术因素以推进集约化水产养殖实践的重要性。
