Jiang Bengui, Lin Kelly, Buys Nicholas, Zhang Bei, Qi Yanfei, Sun Jing
Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China.
Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Gynaecological Diseases, Ningbo 315010, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 25;17(7):1134. doi: 10.3390/nu17071134.
: Breastfeeding is a cost-effective early child health intervention that has been identified as a protective factor against adverse child health outcomes. However, as estimated by previous epidemiological studies, the prevalence of breastfeeding in most countries around the world is below the recommended levels established by the World Health Organization. This study aims to assess the changes in suboptimal breastfeeding mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years lost to disabilities (YLDs) on a global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2021. : Data regarding suboptimal breastfeeding in children under 5 years of age from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool. Data from 204 countries and territories countries were classified into 5 regions based on the sociodemographic index (SDI) and 21 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions according to geographical contiguity. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to assess changes in the trends of suboptimal breastfeeding DALYs, YLDs, and mortality in the past 30 years. : Countries with high-middle (AAPC = -0.94, 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.93) SDI scores had the greatest degree of improvement in both suboptimal breastfeeding mortality from 28,043.47 to 1128.24 and disease burden from 43,202.94 to 4428.47, while countries with high (AAPC = -0.83, 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.81) and low SDI (AAPC = -0.63, 95% CI = -0.71 to -0.55) scores showed the least improvement from 16,775.75 to 5930.56 and 49,522.23 to 32,881.08, respectively. : Significant global improvements in suboptimal breastfeeding mortality and morbidity have occurred in the last 30 years. However, the extent of improvement differs significantly across nations, while some countries also showed no improvements or increased suboptimal breastfeeding mortality and disease burden. Nation-specific policies that account for cultural practices and economic conditions are required to target vulnerable mothers that are unable to achieve optimal breastfeeding.
母乳喂养是一种具有成本效益的儿童早期健康干预措施，已被确定为预防儿童不良健康结果的保护因素。然而，根据以往的流行病学研究估计，世界上大多数国家的母乳喂养率低于世界卫生组织确定的推荐水平。本研究旨在评估1990年至2021年全球、区域和国家层面次优母乳喂养死亡率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）和因残疾损失的年数（YLDs）的变化。：从全球卫生数据交换查询工具中提取了1990年至2021年5岁以下儿童次优母乳喂养的数据。来自204个国家和地区的数据根据社会人口指数（SDI）分为5个区域，并根据地理连续性分为21个全球疾病负担（GBD）区域。计算年平均百分比变化（AAPC）以评估过去30年次优母乳喂养DALYs、YLDs和死亡率趋势的变化。：中高SDI得分（AAPC = -0.94，95%CI = -0.95至-0.93）的国家在次优母乳喂养死亡率从28,043.47降至1128.24以及疾病负担从43,202.94降至4428.47方面改善程度最大，而高SDI得分（AAPC = -0.83，95%CI = -0.86至-0.81）和低SDI得分（AAPC = -0.63，95%CI = -0.71至-0.55）的国家改善程度最小，分别从16,775.75降至5930.56和从49,522.23降至32,881.08。：在过去30年中，全球次优母乳喂养死亡率和发病率有了显著改善。然而，各国的改善程度差异显著，而一些国家也没有改善，或者次优母乳喂养死亡率和疾病负担有所增加。需要制定考虑文化习俗和经济状况的国家特定政策，以针对无法实现最佳母乳喂养的弱势母亲。
