Jurek Joanna Michalina, Zablocka-Sowinska Katarzyna, Clavero Mestres Helena, Reyes Gutiérrez Leyre, Camaron Javier, Auguet Teresa
Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
The Faculty of Finance and Management, WSB Merito University in Wrocław, 53-609 Wrocław, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 3;17(7):1257. doi: 10.3390/nu17071257.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a public health concern, linked with immune-metabolic dysfunction. While lifestyle and dietary modifications remain the cornerstone of MASLD management, the optimal dietary approach remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of model dietary patterns on metabolic outcomes in patients with MASLD and evaluate their effects in individuals with coexisting metabolic conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To conduct the review, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the adult population, published between January 2019 and September 2024, following PRISMA principles. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed qualitatively based on study characteristics. The main findings of this review demonstrated that the use of interventions with dietary model based on Mediterranean diet (MED) and intermittent fasting (IF) approaches, such as alternative-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding regimens (TRF) may have potential in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, with additional benefits of improving glycemic control and reducing inflammation. The effects on hepatic functions, although limited, may be linked with reduced enzyme activity and liver stiffness. Additionally, the use of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may offer additional health benefits, including blood pressure management. This review suggests that MED and IF-based strategies may reduce BW, improve glycemic control, and lower inflammation, with potential benefits for hepatic function. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these effects and underlying mechanisms, which will allow for the optimization of protocols and ensure their safety in MASLD.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）是一个公共卫生问题，与免疫代谢功能障碍有关。虽然生活方式和饮食调整仍然是MASLD管理的基石，但最佳饮食方法仍不明确。本系统评价旨在研究典型饮食模式对MASLD患者代谢结局的影响，并评估其对合并肥胖、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病（T2DM）等代谢性疾病个体的作用。为进行该评价，按照PRISMA原则，检索了PubMed、Scopus、谷歌学术、Cochrane CENTRAL和ClinicalTrials.gov数据库中2019年1月至2024年9月发表的关于成年人群的随机对照试验（RCT）。根据研究特征对纳入的RCT质量进行定性评估。本评价的主要结果表明，采用基于地中海饮食（MED）和间歇性禁食（IF）方法的饮食模式干预，如隔日禁食（ADF）和限时进食方案（TRF），可能在减轻体重、BMI和腰围方面具有潜力，还有助于改善血糖控制和减轻炎症。对肝功能的影响虽然有限，但可能与酶活性降低和肝脏硬度降低有关。此外，采用乳蛋素食饮食（LOV-D）和终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）饮食可能带来额外的健康益处，包括血压管理。本评价表明，基于MED和IF的策略可能减轻体重、改善血糖控制并减轻炎症，对肝功能可能有益。需要进一步的长期研究来证实这些作用及其潜在机制，这将有助于优化方案并确保其在MASLD中的安全性。
