González-Cortazar Manasés, Salinas-Sánchez David Osvaldo, Herrera-Ruiz Maribel, Hernández-Hernández Paulina, Zamilpa Alejandro, Jiménez-Ferrer Enrique, Utrera-Hernández Beatriz E, Pérez-García Ma Dolores, Gutiérrez-Roman Ana S, Ble-González Ever A
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 3;14(7):1118. doi: 10.3390/plants14071118.
There are two major global morbidity and mortality problems in the health sector: inflammation, which is the physiological process that, in acute and chronic conditions, gradually causes the loss of the body's functionality, leading to severe damage to health; and microbial diseases, which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of three extracts of mesquite (--hexane (PH), dichloromethane (PD), and methanol (PM)-were assessed in a mouse model of 12--tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear oedema, and the antimicrobial effects against 14 microorganisms were assessed using the broth microdilution method. The extracts inhibited ear oedema by 60.81% (PH), 75.96% (PD), and 60.29% (PM). The most active anti-inflammatory extract (PD) was fractionated through chromatography, and three fractions (PDR3, PDR6, and PDR7) were evaluated. One of the most active fractions (PDR7) was purified via column chromatography, and ethyl veratrate (VE, ) was isolated and identified. VE inhibited ear oedema by 85.1%. The anti-inflammatory effect is evidenced by the quantification of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TNF-α). The PD extract, the PDR7 fraction, and the compound present an IL-10 concentration of 11.8, 18.9, and 36.5 pg/mg of protein, values significantly higher than the group that received only phorbol ester (* < 0.05). These treatments also significantly decreased the concentration of TNF-α (* < 0.05) to 197.6, 241.9, and 247.0 pg/mg protein, respectively. The PM extract showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <12.5 µg/mL for almost all the 14 tested strains, followed by the PD and PH extracts. Chromatographic fractionation of the PM extract yielded the PMR6, PMR7, and PMR10 fractions that inhibited all tested microorganisms with a MIC between 6.25 and 200 µg/mL. Compound was active on five strains, with a concentration between 2 and 8 µg/mL. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis and comparison with commercial standards allowed for the identification of rutin () and quercetin 3--glucoside (). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the PH and PD extracts allowed for the identification of fatty acids, terpenes, and phenols.
炎症，这是一种生理过程，在急性和慢性情况下，会逐渐导致身体功能丧失，对健康造成严重损害；以及微生物疾病，由细菌等致病微生物引起。在本研究中，评估了牧豆树的三种提取物（正己烷提取物（PH）、二氯甲烷提取物（PD）和甲醇提取物（PM））对12-十四酰佛波醇-13-乙酸酯（TPA）诱导的小鼠耳部水肿模型的抗炎作用，并使用肉汤微量稀释法评估了对14种微生物的抗菌作用。提取物对耳部水肿的抑制率分别为60.81%（PH）、75.96%（PD）和60.29%（PM）。通过色谱法对活性最强的抗炎提取物（PD）进行分离，评估了三个馏分（PDR3、PDR6和PDR7）。通过柱色谱法对活性最强的馏分之一（PDR7）进行纯化，分离并鉴定出藜芦酸乙酯（VE， ）。VE对耳部水肿的抑制率为85.1%。通过对两种促炎细胞因子（IL-10和TNF-α）进行定量来证明其抗炎作用。PD提取物、PDR7馏分和该化合物的IL-10浓度分别为11.8、18.9和36.5 pg/mg蛋白质，这些值显著高于仅接受佛波酯的组（* < 0.05）。这些处理还使TNF-α的浓度分别显著降低（* < 0.05）至197.6、241.9和247.0 pg/mg蛋白质。PM提取物显示出最显著的抗菌作用，对几乎所有14种测试菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）<12.5 µg/mL，其次是PD和PH提取物。PM提取物的色谱分离产生了PMR6、PMR7和PMR10馏分，它们对所有测试微生物均有抑制作用，MIC在6.25至200 µg/mL之间。化合物 对五种菌株有活性，浓度在2至8 µg/mL之间。通过高效液相色谱分析并与商业标准品进行比较，鉴定出芦丁（ ）和槲皮素3-O-葡萄糖苷（ ）。对PH和PD提取物进行气相色谱-质谱分析，鉴定出了脂肪酸、萜类化合物和酚类化合物。
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