Trojanová Katarína, Veľková Veronika, Kačík František
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.
Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Mar 25;17(7):875. doi: 10.3390/polym17070875.
The thermal degradation of wood polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) results in the production of volatile products, some of which are toxic or act as irritants. In the present work, we focus on the effect of wood treatment on the formation of volatile products, conducting experiments on thermally treated (TTW), flame-retardant-treated (FRW), and untreated (REF) spruce wood. The samples were subjected to thermal loading at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C with the subsequent collection of degradation products. We evaluated the effect of wood treatment on the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The number and quantity of VOCs are significantly affected by the type of wood treatment and the thermal loading temperature. At the temperature of 250 °C, the concentration and number of VOCs increased significantly. The highest number of VOCs was identified in the untreated wood samples (54 compounds, mostly aldehydes, ketones, and phenols), with a lower number being identified in the flame-retardant-treated samples (9 compounds, mainly furfural) and the lowest number being identified in thermally treated wood samples (3 compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbons). Typical volatile products included furfural, furfurylalcohol, and α-pinene. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs under thermal loading is important in evaluating the wood burning process and the toxic properties of the consequent gaseous products.
木材聚合物（纤维素、半纤维素和木质素）的热降解会产生挥发性产物，其中一些具有毒性或刺激性。在本研究中，我们聚焦于木材处理对挥发性产物形成的影响，对经过热处理（TTW）、阻燃处理（FRW）和未处理（REF）的云杉木进行实验。样品在150℃、200℃和250℃下承受热负荷，并随后收集降解产物。我们使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）评估木材处理对挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）形成的影响。VOCs的数量和含量受到木材处理类型和热负荷温度的显著影响。在250℃时，VOCs的浓度和数量显著增加。未处理木材样品中鉴定出的VOCs数量最多（54种化合物，主要是醛类、酮类和酚类），阻燃处理样品中鉴定出的数量较少（9种化合物，主要是糠醛），热处理木材样品中鉴定出的数量最少（3种化合物，脂肪烃）。典型的挥发性产物包括糠醛、糠醇和α - 蒎烯。热负荷下VOCs的定性和定量分析对于评估木材燃烧过程以及后续气态产物的毒性特性至关重要。
