Abbas Amal, Mundaca-Uribe Rodolfo, Zhang Liangfang, Wang Joseph
Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Universidad de Concepción, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Concepción, Chile.
Trends Biotechnol. 2025 Sep;43(9):2197-2213. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.03.011. Epub 2025 Apr 12.
Oral medication is preferred for its convenience; however, efficient drug delivery remains challenging due to issues such as poor solubility, and absorption caused by mucosal barriers, which result in low bioavailability. In this review, we discuss new strategies integrating robotic capabilities into oral formulations to enhance drug delivery. Such robotic pill systems leverage the efficient propulsion of biological and synthetic micromotors to accelerate pill disintegration and overcome mucosal barriers, increasing bioavailability with lower doses and fewer side effects. In addition, advanced bioinspired robotic capsules, including microneedles, microinjectors, and microjet systems, offer enhanced macromolecule bioavailability comparable with that achieved with subcutaneous injections. The future of precision medicine lies in encapsulating diverse micromotors (with unique capabilities) within pharmaceutical carriers, offering groundbreaking opportunities for enhanced therapeutic interventions.
口服药物因其便利性而更受青睐；然而，由于溶解度差以及黏膜屏障导致的吸收等问题，高效的药物递送仍然具有挑战性，这些问题会导致生物利用度较低。在本综述中，我们讨论了将机器人功能整合到口服制剂中以增强药物递送的新策略。这种机器人药丸系统利用生物和合成微马达的高效推进来加速药丸崩解并克服黏膜屏障，以更低的剂量和更少的副作用提高生物利用度。此外，先进的仿生机器人胶囊，包括微针、微注射器和微喷射系统，可提供与皮下注射相当的大分子生物利用度增强效果。精准医学的未来在于将各种（具有独特功能的）微马达封装在药物载体中，为增强治疗干预提供开创性的机会。
