Zhang Dang, Lin Liang, Deng Chao, Osman Mohamed Syazwan, Rodriguez Paul E D Soto, Han Fei, Li Mingyu, Wang Lei
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Wenzhou Jiayuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325000, China.
Cyborg Bionic Syst. 2025 Sep 10;6:0384. doi: 10.34133/cbsystems.0384. eCollection 2025.
Biological imaging has revolutionized tissue analysis by revealing morphological and physiological dynamics, yet faces inherent limitations in penetration depth and resolution. Micro/nanomotors (MNMs), with autonomous propulsion and spatiotemporal control, offer transformative solutions to traditional static imaging paradigms. These dynamic contrast agents enhance detection sensitivity in ultrasound, fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging via motion-amplified signal modulation, enabling real-time tracking of subcellular events and microenvironmental changes. While MNMs-enhanced bioimaging has advanced rapidly, systematic analysis of their mechanisms and challenges remains limited. Based on our research experience in this field, this paper first summarizes the signal-enhancing mechanisms of MNMs in single-modal imaging. It then explores multimodal applications through MNMs-probe design and discusses artificial intelligence-driven intelligent MNMs for precision imaging. Finally, challenges and outlook are outlined, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and research roadmap for MNMs-mediated bioimaging technologies.
生物成像通过揭示形态和生理动态变化，彻底改变了组织分析方式，但在穿透深度和分辨率方面面临固有限制。微纳马达（MNMs）具有自主推进和时空控制能力，为传统静态成像模式提供了变革性解决方案。这些动态造影剂通过运动放大信号调制，提高了超声、荧光、光声和磁共振成像中的检测灵敏度，能够实时追踪亚细胞事件和微环境变化。虽然微纳马达增强型生物成像发展迅速，但对其机制和挑战的系统分析仍然有限。基于我们在该领域的研究经验，本文首先总结了微纳马达在单模态成像中的信号增强机制。然后通过微纳马达探针设计探索多模态应用，并讨论用于精确成像的人工智能驱动智能微纳马达。最后概述了挑战与展望，旨在为微纳马达介导的生物成像技术提供理论框架和研究路线图。
