Alver Sarah K, Peters Brandilyn A, Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin, Qi Qibin, McClain Amanda C, Van Horn Linda, Burk Robert D, Kaplan Robert C
Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Jun;121(6):1365-1379. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.003. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
Time-restricted eating may help control weight through caloric restriction, circadian rhythm, or influence on the gut microbiome (GMB). Physical activity (PA) also plays a role, as people with a longer eating window (EW, time between first and last daily intake) may be more active. The associations between meal timing, adiposity, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and GMB characteristics are of interest in Hispanic/Latino persons, who experience a high burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
We explored the relationship of EW with energy intake and accelerometer-measured activity and assessed whether a longer EW and later midpoint of intake (MOI, midpoint time of intake) are associated with adiposity and GMB differences in Hispanic/Latino adults.
Using data from the prospective Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (n = 11,778 participants with valid 24-h dietary recall and accelerometer data, no unplanned weight loss, and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m; n = 1925 with GMB data), we explored the relationship between EW, SB, and energy intake. We used multivariable linear regression models to study the relationship between EW or MOI and adiposity measures and GMB characteristics, adjusted for clinical, behavioral, and demographic characteristics.
Those with longer EW tended to have less SB and greater energy intake, suggesting that some individuals may balance greater intake with greater expenditure. After adjustments including energy balance, each hour of EW was associated with 0.29% higher BMI (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07, 0.51; P = 0.011). Longer EW and caloric EW (EWC, EW, caloric meals only) were associated with several obesity-associated GMB taxa, such as Streptococcus (enriched, β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, for EW). MOI was not significantly associated with adiposity or GMB characteristics.
Shorter EW may promote healthy weight, but some individuals with longer compared with shorter EWs tend to have greater activity that could balance their greater energy intake. EW and EWC may influence GMB characteristics.
限时进食可能通过热量限制、昼夜节律或对肠道微生物群（GMB）的影响来帮助控制体重。身体活动（PA）也起作用，因为进食窗口（EW，即每日首次和最后一次摄入之间的时间）较长的人可能更活跃。进餐时间、肥胖、PA、久坐行为（SB）和GMB特征之间的关联在西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群中备受关注，他们承受着较高的心脑血管疾病负担。
我们探讨了EW与能量摄入以及通过加速度计测量的活动之间的关系，并评估了较长的EW和较晚的摄入中点（MOI，即摄入的中点时间）是否与西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的肥胖及GMB差异相关。
利用前瞻性西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究的数据（n = 11778名参与者，有有效的24小时饮食回忆和加速度计数据，无计划外体重减轻，且BMI≥18.5 kg/m²；n = 1925名有GMB数据），我们探讨了EW、SB和能量摄入之间的关系。我们使用多变量线性回归模型来研究EW或MOI与肥胖指标及GMB特征之间的关系，并对临床、行为和人口统计学特征进行了调整。
EW较长的人往往SB较少且能量摄入较多，这表明一些人可能通过更多的消耗来平衡更多的摄入。在包括能量平衡在内的调整后，EW每增加一小时，BMI就会升高0.29%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.07，0.51；P = 0.011）。较长的EW和热量EW（EWC，仅计算热量餐的EW）与几种与肥胖相关的GMB分类群相关，如链球菌（富集，β：0.04；95% CI：0.01，0.07，针对EW）。MOI与肥胖或GMB特征无显著关联。
较短的EW可能促进健康体重，但与较短EW相比，一些EW较长的人往往活动量更大，这可以平衡他们更多的能量摄入。EW和EWC可能会影响GMB特征。
