Ran Danyang, Wu Zhuolun, Li Yiwen, Li Shuaixia, Luo Wenbo
Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2025 Jun;212:112573. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112573. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
Competition and cooperation are pervasive across diverse domains of human society, and outcome feedback in these contexts has been shown to significantly influence human emotional responses and behavioral strategies. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms through which outcome feedback in obstructive and supportive settings affects the perception of facial expressions of interactors. To address this issue, thirty-seven participants in this event-related potential (ERP) study completed a modified version of the Tetris game with randomly assigned interactors (cooperative supporter, competitive hinderer). After receiving outcome feedback (correct, incorrect), participants were asked to rate the valence of surprised faces which were assumed to be displayed by interactors. Behaviorally, surprised faces in supportive correct feedback contexts were rated as more pleasant, while those in obstructive correct feedback contexts were rated as less pleasant. The ERP results showed a significant main effect of outcome feedback on the FRN and LPP, with enhanced amplitudes for incorrect relative to correct trials. More importantly, face-related P1, N170, and EPN components showed significant interactions between interaction type and outcome feedback. Surprised faces in obstructive correct contexts evoked larger P1 amplitudes compared to those faces in obstructive incorrect contexts. Conversely, amplified N170 and EPN responses were observed for faces in supportive correct contexts compared to those in supportive incorrect contexts. For the LPP, an amplified response to faces was observed in correct feedback contexts compared to incorrect ones, irrespective of the influence of interaction type. Altogether, these findings offer the first empirical evidence that feedback cues in obstructive and supportive contexts can interactively influence the top-down processing of facial expressions, shifting attention away from the suppression of aversive stimuli towards a focus on self-related positive information, thus providing insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the impact of complex social information on higher-order cognitive processes.
竞争与合作在人类社会的各个领域普遍存在，在这些情境下的结果反馈已被证明会显著影响人类的情绪反应和行为策略。然而，对于在阻碍性和支持性环境中的结果反馈如何影响对互动者面部表情的感知，人们的理解还很有限。为了解决这个问题，在这项事件相关电位（ERP）研究中，37名参与者完成了一个经过修改的俄罗斯方块游戏，游戏中的互动者是随机分配的（合作支持者、竞争阻碍者）。在收到结果反馈（正确、错误）后，参与者被要求对假定由互动者展示的惊讶面孔的效价进行评分。在行为层面上，支持性正确反馈情境中的惊讶面孔被评为更愉悦，而阻碍性正确反馈情境中的惊讶面孔则被评为不那么愉悦。ERP结果显示，结果反馈对FRN和LPP有显著的主效应，错误试验相对于正确试验的振幅增强。更重要的是，与面孔相关的P1、N170和EPN成分显示出互动类型和结果反馈之间的显著交互作用。与阻碍性错误情境中的面孔相比，阻碍性正确情境中的惊讶面孔诱发了更大的P1振幅。相反，与支持性错误情境中的面孔相比，支持性正确情境中的面孔观察到N170和EPN反应增强。对于LPP，无论互动类型的影响如何，与错误反馈情境相比，在正确反馈情境中对面孔的反应增强。总之，这些发现提供了首个实证证据，表明阻碍性和支持性情境中的反馈线索可以交互影响面部表情的自上而下加工，将注意力从厌恶刺激的抑制转移到对与自我相关的积极信息的关注上，从而为复杂社会信息对高阶认知过程影响的神经认知机制提供了见解。
