Seppänen Marjo, Lankila Tiina, Niemelä Maisa, Rautio Nina, Korpisaari Maija, Timonen Markku, Korpelainen Raija, Farrahi Vahid
Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
BMC Med. 2025 Apr 14;23(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04051-9.
Studies investigating the associations of 24-h movement behaviours (including moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), sedentary time (ST) and sleep) with depressive symptoms are scarce. It is also unclear whether possible associations differ between urban and rural residents. Hence, we aimed to investigate these associations in a population-based sample of middle-aged Finnish adults.
The study population consisted of 4295 adults, aged 46 years, from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. The participants wore a hip-worn accelerometer for 14 days. Time spent in sedentary, LPA and MVPA was obtained from accelerometer data and then combined with self-reported sleep duration to obtain the 24-h composition. The residential environment was classified as urban or rural based on the participants' home addresses. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Multivariable adjusted regression analysis using a compositional data analysis approach based on isometric log-ratio transformation was used to determine the associations between movement behaviours and depressive symptoms in urban and rural residential environments.
The 24-h movement behaviour composition was significantly associated with the BDI-II score both in urban and rural residential environment. More time spent in sleep relative to other behaviours was associated with lower BDI-II score in rural residential environments. More time spent in ST among urban residents and in LPA among rural residents was associated with higher BDI-II scores. When modelling pairwise reallocations of time, more MVPA or more sleep at the expense of LPA or ST was associated with lower BDI-II score among rural residents. For urban residents, reallocating time from ST to any other behaviour was associated with lower BDI-II score.
Our findings showed that more relative time spent in MVPA and sleep was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms among rural residents, and more relative time spent in any other behaviour at the expense of ST was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms among urban residents. These differences should be considered in the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, causality cannot be inferred, and further research exploring the mechanisms underlying these associations in diverse populations and longitudinal study settings are needed.
关于24小时运动行为（包括中等到高强度身体活动（MVPA）、低强度身体活动（LPA）、久坐时间（ST）和睡眠）与抑郁症状之间关联的研究较少。城市和农村居民之间的可能关联是否存在差异也尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在对芬兰中年成年人的基于人群的样本进行这些关联的研究。
研究人群包括来自1966年芬兰北部出生队列的4295名46岁成年人。参与者佩戴髋部加速计14天。从加速计数据中获取久坐、LPA和MVPA所花费的时间，然后与自我报告的睡眠时间相结合，以获得24小时的构成情况。根据参与者的家庭住址将居住环境分为城市或农村。使用贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）评估抑郁症状。采用基于等距对数比变换的成分数据分析方法进行多变量调整回归分析，以确定城市和农村居住环境中运动行为与抑郁症状之间的关联。
在城市和农村居住环境中，24小时运动行为构成均与BDI-II得分显著相关。在农村居住环境中，相对于其他行为，睡眠时间越长，BDI-II得分越低。城市居民久坐时间越长，农村居民LPA时间越长，BDI-II得分越高。在对时间的成对重新分配进行建模时，农村居民中更多的MVPA或更多以牺牲LPA或ST为代价的睡眠与较低的BDI-II得分相关。对于城市居民，将时间从ST重新分配到任何其他行为与较低的BDI-II得分相关。
我们的研究结果表明，农村居民中MVPA和睡眠时间相对较长与较低水平的抑郁症状相关，城市居民中以牺牲ST为代价在任何其他行为上花费的时间相对较长与较低水平的抑郁症状相关。在抑郁症状的预防和治疗中应考虑这些差异。由于本研究的横断面设计，无法推断因果关系，需要进一步研究探索不同人群和纵向研究环境中这些关联背后的机制。
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