Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Department of Allergy, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 14;24(1):2823. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20290-6.
Previous research has examined the associations of preschoolers' 24-h movement behaviours, including light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep, with physical fitness in isolation, ignoring intrinsically compositional nature of movement data while increasing the risk of collinearity. Thus, this study investigated the associations of preschoolers' 24-h Movement behaviours composition with physical fitness, estimated changes in physical fitness when time was reallocated between movement behaviours composition, and determined whether associations differ between different genders, using compositional data analysis.
In the cross-sectional study, a total of 275 preschoolers (3 ~ 6 y) from China were included. SB, LPA and MVPA times were objectively monitored with an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Sleep duration was obtained using parental reports. Physical fitness parameters, including upper and lower limb strength, static balance, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), were determined with the PREFIT battery. The associations of 24-h movement behaviours composition with each physical fitness parameter were examined employing compositional multivariable linear regression models. The changes following time reallocation among behaviours were estimated employing compositional isotemporal substitution analyses.
Greater MVPA, but not LPA, was significantly related to better upper and lower limb strength, speed-agility, and CRF. Reallocating time from LPA or SB to MVPA was related to better physical fitness. The associations were non-symmetrical: the estimated detriments to physical fitness from replacing MVPA with LPA or SB were larger than the estimated benefits associated with adding MVPA of the same magnitude. The aforementioned associations with lower limb strength, CRF, and speed-agility were observed in boys, while associations with upper and lower limb strength were noted in girls.
Our findings reinforce the importance of physical activity (PA) intensity for the development of physical fitness in preschoolers. Replacing LPA or SB time with MVPA may be an appropriate strategy for enhancing preschoolers' physical fitness.
先前的研究已经分别考察了学龄前儿童 24 小时运动行为（包括低强度活动、中高强度活动和久坐行为）与体适能之间的关系，而忽略了运动数据的内在组成性质，同时增加了共线性的风险。因此，本研究使用成分数据分析方法，调查了学龄前儿童 24 小时运动行为组成与体适能之间的关系，估计了在重新分配运动行为组成之间的时间后体适能的变化，并确定了这些关系在不同性别之间是否存在差异。
在这项横断面研究中，共纳入了 275 名来自中国的学龄前儿童（3 至 6 岁）。使用 ActiGraph GT9X 加速度计连续 7 天对久坐行为、低强度活动和中高强度活动时间进行客观监测。睡眠时长则通过家长报告获得。使用 PREFIT 电池测定上肢和下肢力量、静态平衡、速度-敏捷性和心肺适能（CRF）等体适能参数。采用成分多变量线性回归模型来检验 24 小时运动行为组成与各项体适能参数之间的关系。通过成分等时替代分析来估计行为之间的时间再分配后的变化。
更高的中高强度活动时间与更好的上肢和下肢力量、速度-敏捷性和 CRF 显著相关。将时间从低强度活动或久坐行为重新分配到中高强度活动与更好的体适能相关。这些关系是非对称的：用低强度活动或久坐行为替代中高强度活动对体适能的估计损害大于添加相同幅度的中高强度活动所带来的估计益处。在男孩中观察到与下肢力量、CRF 和速度-敏捷性相关的上述关系，而与上肢和下肢力量相关的关系则见于女孩。
本研究结果进一步证实了在学龄前儿童中，身体活动（PA）强度对体适能发展的重要性。用中高强度活动替代低强度活动或久坐行为可能是增强学龄前儿童体适能的一种恰当策略。
