Feng Shun, Han Ruyue, Liu Chi, Jia Dayu, Zhang Guoteng, Zhu Xi, Li Bo, Sun Yun, Li Chuang, Gao Yuping, Cheng Tonglei, Han Zheng, Cheng Hui-Ming, Sun Dong-Ming
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Jun;37(24):e2417675. doi: 10.1002/adma.202417675. Epub 2025 Apr 14.
Emerging machine vision applications require efficient detection of both dynamic events and static grayscale information within visual scenes. Current dynamic vision and active pixel sensors (DAVIS) technology integrates event-driven vision sensors and active pixel sensors within single pixels. However, the complex multi-component pixel architecture, typically requiring 15-50 transistors, limits integration density, increases power consumption, and complicates clock synchronization. Here, a charge-coupled phototransistor is presented that uses dual photosensitive capacitors to provide gate voltage to a single transistor channel, enabling simultaneous capture of dynamic and static information, surpassing existing DAVIS technology. Under illumination, both top and bottom gates generate photogenerated electrons through a charge-coupling effect; electrons in the top gate are blocked by a thick dielectric layer, producing a stable current change for static grayscale detection, while electrons in the bottom gate tunnel through a thin dielectric layer, creating transient current spikes for dynamic event detection. This device demonstrates a dynamic range of 120 dB and a response time of 15 µs, comparable to traditional DAVIS pixels, while significantly reducing power consumption to 10 pW and overcoming clock synchronization issues. This charge-coupled phototransistor paves the way for the development of high-performance, low-power, and highly integrated machine vision technology.
新兴的机器视觉应用需要在视觉场景中高效检测动态事件和静态灰度信息。当前的动态视觉和有源像素传感器（DAVIS）技术在单个像素内集成了事件驱动视觉传感器和有源像素传感器。然而，复杂的多组件像素架构通常需要15至50个晶体管，这限制了集成密度，增加了功耗，并使时钟同步复杂化。在此，提出了一种电荷耦合光电晶体管，它使用双光敏电容器为单个晶体管通道提供栅极电压，能够同时捕获动态和静态信息，超越了现有的DAVIS技术。在光照下，顶部和底部栅极都通过电荷耦合效应产生光生电子；顶部栅极中的电子被厚介电层阻挡，产生稳定的电流变化用于静态灰度检测，而底部栅极中的电子通过薄介电层隧穿，产生瞬态电流尖峰用于动态事件检测。该器件展示了120 dB的动态范围和15 µs的响应时间，与传统DAVIS像素相当，同时显著降低功耗至10 pW，并克服了时钟同步问题。这种电荷耦合光电晶体管为高性能、低功耗和高度集成的机器视觉技术的发展铺平了道路。
