Correlational Analysis of Resistant Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease, and the Interplay of Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the relationship between resistant hypertension (RH) and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.

METHODS

A total of 475 patients with hypertension admitted to Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were divided into hypertension group (HT group) and resistant hypertension group (RH group). We compared the differences between these two groups, and analyzed the influencing factors of RH, as well as the correlation between RH and the course of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and levels of sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.

RESULTS

Compared with HT group, RH group had a significantly higher blood pressure ( < 0.05), longer duration of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease ( < 0.01) and a higher proportion of combined chronic kidney disease ( = 0.006). The duration of hypertension, serum sodium ion concentration (≥142.00 mmol/L), calcium ion concentration (2.19 to < 2.30 mmol/L), and 24h urinary phosphorus ion level were independent influencing factors of RH ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

For hypertension patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, the risk of RH is significantly higher. The risk of RH may be lower in patients with blood sodium <142.00 mmol/L, blood calcium >2.29 mmol/L, 24h urine sodium and magnesium ions of 116.52 and 2.69 mmol, respectively, and higher 24h urine phosphorus ions.