Wang Ke, Liu Zhigang, Tang Rongmei, Sha Yanguang, Wang Zhilin, Chen Yisheng, Chen Guangbin
Surgery, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, CHN.
Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, Wuhu, CHN.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 13;17(3):e80541. doi: 10.7759/cureus.80541. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Gallstone disease (GSD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are increasingly prevalent conditions with significant global health implications. Recent evidence highlights a strong epidemiological association between these disorders, driven by shared pathophysiological mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between MetS and GSD, focusing on the role of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in gallstone formation. An integrated pathophysiological model is proposed, linking metabolic disturbances to bile cholesterol supersaturation, gallbladder dysmotility, and chronic inflammation. The review also explores clinical implications, including risk prediction models based on metabolic parameters, early detection biomarkers, and targeted interventions such as lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and microbiome modulation. By addressing the metabolic underpinnings of GSD, this synthesis offers a foundation for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the burden of these interconnected conditions. Future research directions are outlined to refine mechanistic insights and improve clinical outcomes.
胆结石病（GSD）和代谢综合征（MetS）愈发普遍，对全球健康有着重大影响。近期证据凸显了这些疾病之间基于共同病理生理机制的强大流行病学关联。本综述全面分析了MetS与GSD之间的复杂关系，重点关注胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、肥胖和肠道微生物群失调在胆结石形成中的作用。提出了一个综合病理生理模型，将代谢紊乱与胆汁胆固醇过饱和、胆囊运动障碍和慢性炎症联系起来。该综述还探讨了临床意义，包括基于代谢参数的风险预测模型、早期检测生物标志物以及诸如生活方式改变、药物治疗和微生物群调节等靶向干预措施。通过阐述GSD的代谢基础，本综述为制定预防和治疗策略以减轻这些相互关联疾病的负担奠定了基础。文中概述了未来的研究方向，以深化机制认识并改善临床结局。
