Chang Hongwei, Li Longti, Li Xiaofeng, Zhang Lifang, Huang Wen, Zhu Hongxia, He Jiao, Liu Yilan
Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Department of Nursing, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 442000, China.
J Nurs Manag. 2023 Oct 16;2023:8844919. doi: 10.1155/2023/8844919. eCollection 2023.
To measure nursing clinical teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about nursing students (NSs) suffering from workplace violence (WPV) in China.
The nursing clinical teacher is the most important person for NS during the clinical rotation. In contrast, there is a lack of investigation into the ability of nursing clinical teachers to manage NSs suffering from WPV.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hubei province, China, between June and July 2022. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit clinical teachers in 9 tertiary hospitals who met the inclusion criteria. The survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire which has good reliability and validity. Questionnaires were collected through a web-based platform called Questionnaire Star in China. In July 2022, a total of 900 questionnaires were eventually distributed, and 869 valid questionnaires were returned. The software SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistical analyses.
The mean ± SD knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores of the nursing clinical teachers were 69.51 ± 12.78, 29.11 ± 4.38, and 82.84 ± 13.60, respectively. Also, the average score rate was 77.24%, 83.17%, and 87.20%, respectively. There are still deficiencies in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices index, such as knowledge about the sources of violence, perceptions about influencing factors, and behavioural practices for prevention. Factors affecting the knowledge index scores included teachers' age, highest academic degree obtained, years of work, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, whether they had experienced WPV, whether they had witnessed NSs suffering from WPV, and whether their NSs had suffered from WPV. Factors affecting scores on the attitude index included the age, highest academic degree obtained, years of work, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, and whether they had received training on prevention and coping with WPV. Factors influencing the score for the practice index included the working department, highest academic degree obtained, professional title, the highest level of education that they could teach NSs, and whether they had received training on prevention and coping with WPV.
Nursing clinical teachers showed moderate levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about NSs suffering from WPV. The deficiencies mainly focused on the sources, manifestations, influencing factors, and preventive strategies of it. Also, nursing clinical teachers should be trained to better prevent and cope with WPV suffered by NSs. At the same time, in order to better protect and teach NSs, the selection criteria for nursing clinical teachers should be stricter, with requirements on age, education, years of working experience, and titles. . With nursing clinical teachers as the training target, health organizations and institutions should actively develop training related to preventing and coping with NSs suffering from WPV. Also, it should be incorporated into the preservice training system for nursing clinical teachers. The content of training could focus on the sources, manifestations, influencing factors, and prevention strategies of NSs suffering from WPV. The method could be online theoretical teaching combined with offline scenario simulation exercises. At the same time, strict admission criteria for nursing clinical teachers can be helpful in protecting the safety of NSs during the clinical rotation phase. For nursing managers, they should be kept abreast of organisational policies and adopt a zero-tolerance policy towards violence. It also can be recommended that nursing clinical teachers should be proactively involved in training to improve their own ability to protect NSs.
衡量中国护理临床教师对遭受工作场所暴力（WPV）的护生的认知、态度和行为。
护理临床教师是护生临床实习期间最重要的人。相比之下，对于护理临床教师管理遭受WPV的护生的能力缺乏调查。
2022年6月至7月间在中国湖北省进行了一项横断面调查。采用便利抽样法，招募了9家符合纳入标准的三级医院的临床教师。调查使用自行设计的问卷，该问卷具有良好的信效度。问卷通过中国的一个名为问卷星的网络平台收集。2022年7月，最终共发放问卷900份，回收有效问卷869份。使用软件SPSS 26.0进行描述性和推断性统计分析。
护理临床教师的认知、态度和行为得分的均值±标准差分别为69.51±12.78、29.11±4.38和82.84±13.60。平均得分率分别为77.24%、83.17%和87.20%。在认知、态度和行为指标方面仍存在不足，如对暴力来源的了解、对影响因素的认知以及预防的行为措施等。影响认知指标得分的因素包括教师的年龄、最高学历、工作年限、能够教授护生的最高学历水平、是否经历过WPV、是否目睹过护生遭受WPV以及其护生是否遭受过WPV。影响态度指标得分的因素包括年龄、最高学历、工作年限、能够教授护生的最高学历水平以及是否接受过预防和应对WPV的培训。影响行为指标得分的因素包括工作科室、最高学历、职称、能够教授护生的最高学历水平以及是否接受过预防和应对WPV的培训。
护理临床教师对遭受WPV的护生的认知、态度和行为处于中等水平。不足之处主要集中在其来源、表现形式、影响因素和预防策略方面。此外，应培训护理临床教师，以更好地预防和应对护生遭受的WPV。同时，为了更好地保护和教导护生，护理临床教师的选拔标准应更严格，对年龄、学历、工作年限和职称都有要求。以护理临床教师为培训对象，卫生组织和机构应积极开展与预防和应对护生遭受WPV相关的培训，并将其纳入护理临床教师的岗前培训体系。培训内容可侧重于护生遭受WPV的来源、表现形式、影响因素和预防策略。方法可以是在线理论教学结合线下情景模拟练习。同时，严格的护理临床教师准入标准有助于在临床实习阶段保护护生的安全。对于护理管理人员而言，他们应及时了解组织政策，对暴力采取零容忍政策。还可建议护理临床教师应积极参与培训，以提高自身保护护生的能力。
