Yang Lin, Li Jing, Chen Yinzi, Wei Yanling, Song Congying, Zhang Jingwen, Dai Liang, Shi Yu, Xiong Zuying, Shan Ying, Huang Xiaoyan
Health Management Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 28;13:1505418. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1505418. eCollection 2025.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) is associated with offspring smoking. However, there is still scant evidence to support the association between MSP and smoking behaviors in adult offspring.
This is a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank. Maternal smoking around birth was reported by the offspring through a questionnaire. Participants with unknown maternal smoking status were classified as having missing values. Logistic regression, linear regression and negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the associations of exposure to maternal smoking around birth with four outcomes of offspring smoking behaviors, including smoking status, age started smoking, pack years of smoking, and number of unsuccessful stop-smoking attempts.
We included 156,604, 101,204, 96,466, and 70,308 participants in the analyses of smoking status, age started smoking, pack years of smoking, and number of unsuccessful stop-smoking attempts, respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, MSP demonstrated significant associations with offspring smoking (OR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.07, 1.10]), age started smoking (beta per year: -0.83 [95% CI: -0.89, -0.77]), pack years of smoking (beta per pack-year: 3.51 [95% CI: 3.28, 3.74]) and number of unsuccessful stop-smoking attempts (IRR: 1.11 [95% CI 1.09, 1.13]). Subgroup analysis showed the excessive risks for smoking status and age started smoking in females, pack years of smoking in males, and for number of unsuccessful stop-smoking attempts in the non-breastfeeding group.
The unfavorable effects of maternal smoking around birth might reach at least up to offspring's middle even older age. Smoking cessation before pregnancy should be encouraged to prevent the transmission to the next generation.
孕期母亲吸烟（MSP）与后代吸烟有关。然而，仍缺乏足够证据支持MSP与成年后代吸烟行为之间的关联。
这是一项基于英国生物银行的前瞻性队列研究。后代通过问卷报告出生前后母亲的吸烟情况。母亲吸烟状况未知的参与者被归类为有缺失值。使用逻辑回归、线性回归和负二项回归模型来估计出生前后母亲吸烟暴露与后代吸烟行为的四个结果之间的关联，包括吸烟状况、开始吸烟的年龄、吸烟包年数和戒烟失败尝试次数。
我们分别纳入了156,604、101,204、96,466和70,308名参与者进行吸烟状况、开始吸烟的年龄、吸烟包年数和戒烟失败尝试次数的分析。在调整潜在混杂因素后，MSP与后代吸烟（比值比：1.08 [95%置信区间：1.07, 1.10]）、开始吸烟的年龄（每年β值：-0.83 [95%置信区间：-0.89, -0.77]）、吸烟包年数（每包年β值：3.51 [95%置信区间：3.28, 3.74]）和戒烟失败尝试次数（发病率比：1.11 [95%置信区间1.09, 1.13]）存在显著关联。亚组分析显示，女性在吸烟状况和开始吸烟年龄方面、男性在吸烟包年数方面以及非母乳喂养组在戒烟失败尝试次数方面存在额外风险。
出生前后母亲吸烟的不利影响可能至少持续到后代中年甚至更年长。应鼓励在怀孕前戒烟以防止向下一代传播。
