Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, US.
Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Hubland North 32, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
Theor Appl Genet. 2021 Jun;134(6):1817-1827. doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03770-w. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
As the effects of climate change continue to alter crop-growing conditions year-to-year on both prime and marginal agricultural landscapes, we must consider the effects not only on yield but also on quality. This is particularly true for oilseed crops. In this review, we explore the importance of oilseeds in general and the specific uses of major oilseed crops including soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, and cottonseed. We review the physiology of seed oil production, from the perspective of the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. Of particular importance is the role of temperature and water availability on oil synthesis. We then discuss how this influences genetic variation, phenotype variability due to environment, and the interaction of genetics and environment to affect composition and yield of vegetable oils. The ability to predict these effects using genomics and bioinformatics is an important new frontier for breeders to maximize stability of a desired fatty acid composition for their crop over increasingly extreme agricultural environments.
随着气候变化的影响逐年改变主要和边缘农业景观中的作物生长条件，我们不仅必须考虑产量，还要考虑质量。这对于油籽作物尤其如此。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了油籽的重要性，以及包括大豆、向日葵、油菜籽、花生和棉籽在内的主要油籽作物的具体用途。我们从植物适应环境变化的角度综述了种子油生产的生理学。特别重要的是温度和水分供应对油脂合成的作用。然后我们讨论了这如何影响遗传变异、环境引起的表型可变性，以及遗传与环境的相互作用如何影响植物油的组成和产量。利用基因组学和生物信息学来预测这些影响的能力是育种者的一个重要新领域，他们可以在日益极端的农业环境中最大限度地稳定他们作物所需的脂肪酸组成。
