Several studies have demonstrated that the pulmonary immune response is primarily facilitated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and that both professional and non-professional APCs contribute to overall pulmonary immunity. APCs play unique roles and mechanisms in pathogen elimination and immunomodulation. Mucosal immunity exhibits potential advantages over traditional parenteral immunity in that it stimulates immune defenses in mucosal and systemic tissues, which is important for reducing the burden of lung disease. However, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between mucosal immunity and APC in the context of various lung diseases remains challenging. This mini-review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of novel mucosal immunity, targeting APC action during lung infections, allergies, and malignant tumorigenesis. This minreview provides important insights into more effective therapeutic approaches for various lung diseases.